赋能还是制约:智能技术如何影响学生学习自由的实现

Empowerment or Constraint:How Intelligent Technologies Influence the Realization of Students’Learning Freedom

学习自由是学生在学习过程中自主性、能动性与自为性的重要体现,是促进学生创新发展的重要条件。在智能环境中,智能技术既能为学生提供丰富的学习资源和空间自由,也可能以技术意向性和算法黑箱规训和制约学生学习的自由。如何构建智能技术影响学生学习自由实现的分析框架,成为探析两者辨证关系的关键所在。具体而言,应围绕数据、算力、算法、技术伦理等智能技术要素,权利学习自由、自我实现学习自由两类学习自由,以及隐私与表达、机会与选择、发现与认知、整合与创新、情感与价值塑造5个学习自由层次来构建分析框架,以厘清智能技术要素与不同层次学习自由之间的复杂关系。显然,智能技术的不同要素会从不同层面影响和干预学生的学习权利自由和自我实现自由,限制其身心自然成长和创造性学习与发展。为更好地利用智能技术推动学生学习自由的实现,教育管理部门应以负责任创新治理理念为引导,明确技术作用限度及超越方法;教师应强化与智能技术的高效协同,实现从“技术追新”向“育人创新”的转变;学生应明确在人机协同中的主体作用,推动实现高学习自由度—高创造性学习;信息化行业应面向学生发展规律设计智能学习产品,促进自由开放学习的发生。

Learning freedom is an important manifestation of students’autonomy,initiative and self-determination in the learning process and is a crucial condition for promoting students’innovative development.In an intelligent environment,intelligent technologies may not only provide students with abundant learning resources and spatial freedom,but also constrain students’learning freedom through technical intentionality and algorithmic black boxes.Constructing an analytical framework to understand how intelligent technologies affect the realization of students’learning freedom becomes the key to exploring the dialectical relationship between the two.Specifically,this framework should be built around the elements of intelligent technologies such as data,computing power,algorithms,and technology ethics,as well as two types of learning freedom including rights-based learning freedom and self-realization learning freedom.It should also encompass five levels of learning freedom:privacy and expression,opportunity and choice,discovery and cognition,integration and innovation,emotion and value shaping.This helps clarify the complex relationships between the elements of intelligent technologies and different levels of learning freedom.Obviously,different elements of intelligent technologies influence and intervene in students’rights to learning freedom and self-realization from various aspects,limiting their natural growth and creative learning and development.To better leverage intelligent technologies to promote the realization of students’learning freedom,educational management departments should guide with the concept of responsible innovation governance,clarifying the limits of technology’s role and methods for transcending them;teachers should enhance effective collaboration with intelligent technologies,transitioning from“chasing new technologies”to“innovating in nurturing”;students should affirm their subject roles in human-machine collaboration,promoting high learning freedom and highly creative learning;the information industry should design intelligent learning resources according to the developmental laws of students,to facilitate free and open learning.