沉浸式虚拟现实中加入触觉反馈对学习效果的影响——来自消防安全教育的证据

The Impact of Incorporating Haptic Feedback in Immersive Virtual Reality on Learning Outcomes:Evidence from Fire Safety Education

随着虚拟现实硬件设备的快速普及和使用成本的降低,沉浸式虚拟现实(IVR)在教学中的应用逐渐增多,但其研究大多关注视觉和听觉体验,对引入触觉反馈后在学习效果提升上的有效性仍缺乏证据。消防安全教育是IVR的典型应用场景,探究在IVR消防安全教育系统中加入触觉反馈(力反馈和热感)对学习者学业成绩、学习动机和认知负荷的影响,有助于为优化IVR教学应用提供依据。基于该情境的对照实验结果表明:IVR能够显著促进学习者对程序性知识、事实性知识和概念性知识的学习,并且加入触觉反馈后的知识增益更高,更加有利于程序性知识的习得;触觉反馈的加入显著降低了学习者的认知负荷,尤其是外在认知负荷,但对学习者学习动机的影响并不显著。研究结论为多媒体学习中触觉通道的整合提供了新的证据,拓展了原有多媒体学习的认知理论框架,有助于指导IVR教育资源的设计、开发及应用。

With the rapid proliferation of virtual reality hardware and the reduction in usage costs,the application of immersive virtual reality(IVR)in education has gradually increased.However,most research has focused on visual and auditory experiences,lacking evidence on the effectiveness of incorporating haptic feedback in enhancing learning outcomes.Fire safety education serves as a typical application scenario for IVR,so this study explores the impact of adding haptic feedback(force feedback and thermal sensation)in an IVR fire safety education system on learners’academic achievement,learning motivation,and cognitive load,providing a basis for optimizing IVR instructional application.The results of a controlled experiment based on this context indicate that IVR significantly promotes learners’acquisition of procedural knowledge,factual knowledge and conceptual knowledge,with a higher knowledge gain when haptic feedback is included,particularly benefiting the acquisition of procedural knowledge.The integration of haptic feedback significantly reduces learners’cognitive load,especially external cognitive load,although its impact on learners’motivation is not significant.The research findings provide new evidence for the integration of haptic channels in multimedia learning,expanding the existing cognitive theoretical framework of multimedia learning,and aiding in the design,development and application of IVR educational resources.