CAR-T细胞在结直肠癌治疗方面的研究进展

Advancements in CAR⁃T cell research for the treatment of colorectal cancer

CAR-T细胞治疗(chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy,CAR-T)是一种利用抗肿瘤免疫力进行癌症治疗的免疫治疗新方法。与传统免疫治疗相比,CAR-T具有改良的肿瘤抗原特异性和不依赖主要组织相容性复合分子的细胞毒性。近几年,关于CAR-T细胞的研究发展迅速,其中靶向CD19的CAR-T细胞治疗在晚期白血病和淋巴瘤患者中已显示出令人印象深刻的临床反应。随着近年来结直肠肿瘤发生率的升高,CAR-T疗法在血液系统恶性肿瘤方面取得的成功使得越来越多的临床研究致力于将其应用至结直肠癌在内的其他实体瘤的治疗中。然而,大量的临床研究结果并未达到预期。该文总结了CAR-T细胞的定义与结构、在实体瘤方面的现存挑战等方面,并在最后着重讨论了CAR-T细胞疗法在结直肠癌中的应用及未来前景。

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy(CAR-T)represents a novel approach in cancer treatment that harnesses the anti-tumor immune response.In comparison to traditional immunotherapy,CAR-T exhibits enhanced tumor antigen specificity and cell cytotoxicity independent of major histocompatibility complex molecules.Recent advancements in CAR-T cell research have demonstrated remarkable clinical responses in patients with advanced leukemia and lymphoma by targeting CD19.Given the rising incidence of colorectal cancer,the success observed in hematological malignancies has prompted further investigation into the application of CAR-T therapy for solid tumors,including colorectal cancer.Regrettably,several clinical studies have failed to meet expectations.This article provides an overview of CAR-T cells'definition and structure,highlights existing challenges in solid tumor treatment,and specifically discusses the application and future prospects of CAR-T cell therapy for colorectal cancer.