口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤患者发生术后感染的危险因素分析及预防措施

Risk factors analysis and preventive measures for postoperative infection in patientswith oral and maxillofacial malignancies

目的 分析口腔专科医院口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤患者发生术后感染的危险因素,为预防术后发生感染提供一定的参考依据。方法 收集2020年1月至2023年1月重庆医科大学附属口腔医院收治的口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤患者的病历资料,利用SPSS22.0统计软件对相关因素进行单因素分析和二元logistic回归分析。结果 单因素分析结果显示,感染与未感染患者之间住院时间、性别、手术时间、术后置放引流装置时间和术中出血量等情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);二元logistic回归分析结果显示,术后置放引流装置时间大于或等于10 d与手术时间大于或等于6 h是患者发生术后感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 术后置放引流装置时间大于或等于10 d与手术时间大于或等于6 h为口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤患者术后感染的独立危险因素,应尽早行细菌培养和药敏试验、术后前3 d监测患者白蛋白水平等预防措施。

Objective To analyze the risk factors for postoperative infection in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancies treated in stomatological hospitals,providing a reference for preventing postoperative infections.Methods The medical records of patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancies admitted to the Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2020 to January 2023 were collected.Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were performed on relevant factors using SPSS 22.0 statistical software.Results Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in hospital stay,gender,operative time,postoperative drainage duration,and intraoperative blood loss between infected and uninfected patients(P<0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that postoperative drainage duration of 10 days or more and operative time of 6 hours or more were independent risk factors for postoperative infection(P<0.05).Conclusion Postoperative drainage duration of 10 days or more and operative time of 6 hours or more are independent risk factors for postoperative infection in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Preventive measures such as early bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests,and monitoring of albumin levels in the first 3 days after surgery,should be implemented.