影像学检查在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的临床研究进展

Clinical research progress on the imaging examination in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules

甲状腺是人体最大的内分泌器官,当细胞出现异常增生后会产生结节。结节根据病理结果分为良性和恶性,良性包括滤泡性腺瘤、囊肿、结节性甲状腺肿等,恶性包括乳头状癌、滤泡状癌、髓样癌、未分化癌、嗜酸性细胞癌等,早期有效鉴别良恶性结节有利于患者的治疗和预后。目前,鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的方法主要包括超声、计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像、单光子发射型计算机断层显像和正电子发射型计算机断层显像等。该文综述近年来影像学检查方法在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中应用的最新研究进展,为临床医生制定更有效诊疗策略提供新思路和理论基础。

The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine organ in the human body,and nodules can develop when cells undergo abnormal proliferation.These nodules are classified as benign or malignant based on pathological results.Benign nodules include follicular adenoma,cysts,nodular goiter,etc.,while malignant nodules include papillary carcinoma,follicular carcinoma,medullary carcinoma,undifferentiated carcinoma,and Hurthle cell carcinoma,among others.Early and effective differentiation between benign and malignant nodules is conducive to patient treatment and prognosis.Currently,the methods for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules mainly include ultrasound,computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,single-photon emission computed tomography,positron emission tomography,and others.This article reviews the latest research progress in the application of imaging examination methods in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules in recent years,aiming to provide new ideas and theoretical foundations for clinicians to develop more effective diagnostic and treatment strategies.