营养与食品卫生专业本科生对临床营养教学的需求分析

Analysis on Requirement for Practical Teaching of Food Hygiene and Nutrition Undergraduates to Clinical Nutrition

目的探讨营养与食品卫生学专业本科生对临床营养教学的需求,为提高临床营养教学质量提供参考。方法采用问卷调查法,于2020年9月—2022年9月选取2017、2018和2019级营养与食品卫生专业本科生进行临床营养教学需求调查。结果共发放问卷105份,收回有效问卷96份,有效回收率为91.43%。营养与食品卫生专业学生对临床营养的教学满意度均较高。择业意愿为医院临床营养科的学生对知识掌握和提升就业竞争力的教学满意度均优于选择考研或选择其他企事业单位就业的学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。选择医院临床营养科就业的学生选择以问题为导向的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)和案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)2种教学模式的比例较高(分别为42.9%和39.3%),而选择考研和其他企事业单位的学生更倾向于传统的课堂讲授模式(分别为57.1%和54.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有学生中94.8%的学生认为提升就业竞争力是最迫切的需求。结论营养与食品卫生学专业不同择业意愿的学生对临床营养的实践教学需求不同,需要进一步完善并调整临床营养教学内容及教学模式,提升教学质量和学生实践能力,增强学生就业竞争力。

Objective To investigate the requirement for practical teaching of food hygiene and nutrition undergraduates to clinical nutrition,and to provide reference for improving the quality of clinical nutrition teaching.Methods From September 2020 to September 2022,a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the requirement for practical teaching of food hygiene and nutrition undergraduate interns of Grade 2017,2018 and 2019 to clinical nutrition.Results A total of 105 questionnaires were sent out and 96 were collected,with an effective recovery rate of 91.43%.The teaching satisfaction of food hygiene and nutrition undergraduates to clinical nutrition was relatively high.The satisfaction of knowledge mastery and employment competitiveness were better in the graduates who chose to work in the nutrition department of hospitals than who chose postgraduate entrance examination or other enterprises and institutions and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).PBL and CBL were preferred by the graduates who wanted to work in the nutrition department(42.9%and 39.3%,respectively),however,traditional classroom teaching mode(57.1%and 54.5%,respectively)was preferred by students who chose postgraduate entrance examination or other enterprises and institutions,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).94.8%of the students believed that the most urgent need was improving the competitiveness of employment.Conclusion Undergraduates majoring in food hygiene and nutrition have different requirement for practical teaching of clinical nutrition due to their different career preferences.It is necessary to adjust the teaching contents and models of clinical nutrition,improve the teaching quality,students'practical ability,and the competitiveness of their employment.