青少年非自杀性自伤行为特征及高危因素分析

Characteristics and High-risk Factors of Non-suicidal Self-injury Behaviors in Adolescents

目的:探讨青少年非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为特征,分析其高危因素。方法:通过分层整群随机抽样,选取2021年1月—2023年10月500例青少年进行问卷调查,共回收有效问卷489份,采用青少年自我伤害问卷(ASIS)评估NSSI行为;艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)评估人格特质,焦虑、抑郁自评量表(SAS、SDS)评估心理状态,比较不同临床特征青少年NSSI行为发生情况,通过logistic回归分析其NSSI行为影响因素,采用Pearson相关性分析青少年NSSI行为与人格特质、心理情绪之间关系。结果:489例青少年共有77例具有NSSI行为,发生率为15.75%;不同家庭收入、不同居住地、是否独生子女、是否寄宿青少年NSSI行为发生情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);女生、留守状态、非完整家庭、毕业班青少年NSSI行为发生率均高于男生、非留守状态、完整家庭、非毕业班青少年(P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示女生、毕业班、非完整家庭、留守状态均是青少年NSSI行为发生的独立危险因素;发生NSSI行为青少年SAS、SDS评分均高于未发生青少年(P<0.05);发生NSSI行为青少年人格特质EPQ量表精神质、神经质评分均高于未发生青少年,内外倾评分低于未发生青少年(P<0.05);NSSI行为评分与精神质、神经质、焦虑、抑郁情绪呈现正相关(r=0.397、0.522、0.409、0.436,P<0.05),与内外倾呈现负相关(r=-0.430,P<0.05)。结论:女生、不完整家庭、毕业班、留守状态青少年NSSI行为发生比例更高,青少年不良心理情绪、人格特质均会在一定程度上影响青少年NSSI行为的发生。

Objective:To explore the characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviors in adolescents,and to analyze their high-risk factors.Method:According to stratified cluster random sampling,500 adolescents were selected for questionnaire survey between January 2021 and October 2023,and there were 489 valid questionnaires.NSSI behaviors was evaluated by adolescents self-injury scale(ASIS),personality traits was evaluated by Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ),and psychological state was evaluated by self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS).The occurrence of NSSI behaviors in adolescents with different clinical characteristics was compared,and the influencing factors of NSSI behaviors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.The relationship between NSSI behaviors and personality traits,psychological emotions in adolescents was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Result:Among the 489 adolescents,there were 77 cases(15.75%)with NSSI behaviors.The differences in NSSI behaviors among adolescents with different family income,different places of residence,only child or not and boarding or not were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The incidences of NSSI behaviors in adolescents with female gender,left-behind status,incomplete family and graduating class level were higher than those with male gender,non-left-behind status,complete family and nongraduating class level(P<0.05).The result of logistic regression analysis showed that female gender,graduating class,incomplete family and left-behind status were independent risk factors of NSSI behaviors in adolescents.The scores of SAS and SDS in adolescents with NSSI behaviors were higher than those without NSSI behaviors(P<0.05).In EPQ,scores of psychoticism and neuroticism in adolescents with NSSI behaviors were higher than those without NSSI behaviors,while score of extraversion was lower than that without NSSI behaviors(P<0.05).The scores of NSSI behaviors were positively correlated with psychoticism,neuroticism,anxiety and depression(r=0.397,0.522,0.409,0.436,P<0.05),while negatively correlated with extraversion(r=-0.430,P<0.05).Conclusion:The incidence of NSSI behaviors is higher in adolescents with female gender,incomplete family,graduating class level and leftbehind status.Adverse psychological emotions and personality traits may affect the occurrence of NSSI behaviors in adolescents to some extent.