基于知信行模式的健康教育结合聚焦访谈模式对首次无偿献血者心理状态及献血反应的影响

Effects of health education based on knowledge-attitude-practice model combined with focused interview model on the psychological state and blood donation reaction of first-time unpaid blood donors

目的探讨基于知信行模式的健康教育结合聚焦访谈模式对首次无偿献血者心理状态及献血反应的影响。方法择取2020年4月至2022年4月我站90名首次无偿献血者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各45名。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上采用基于知信行模式的健康教育结合聚焦访谈模式护理。比较两组的心理状态、知信行及献血反应发生情况。结果干预前,两组的焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、简版心理健康连续体量表(MHC-SF)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组的SAS、SDS评分低于对照组,MHC-SF评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组的知识、信念、行为评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组的知识、信念、行为评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的献血反应总发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于知信行模式的健康教育结合聚焦访谈模式用于首次无偿献血者,可有效调整心理状态,提高其献血知信行水平,有效减少献血反应、降低献血反应程度,值得推广。

Objective To explore the effects of health education based on knowledge-attitude-practice model combined with focused interview model on the psychological state and blood donation reaction of first-time unpaid blood donors.Methods From April 2020 to April 2022,90 first-time unpaid blood donors in our station were selected as the research objects,and they were divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method,with 45 cases in each group.The control group was given routine nursing intervention,and the observation group was given health education based on knowledge-attitude-practice model combined with focused interview model on the basis of the control group.The psychological state,knowledge-attitude-practice and blood donation reaction of the two groups were compared.Results Before intervention,there were no significant differences in the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Mental Health Continuum Short Form(MHC-SF)between the two groups(P>0.05);after intervention,the SAS and SDS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group,the MHC-SF score was higher than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Before intervention,there were no significant differences in the scores of knowledge,belief and behavior between the two groups(P>0.05);after intervention,the scores of knowledge,belief and behavior in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The total incidence of blood donation reaction in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The health education based on knowledge-attitude-practice model combined with focused interview model for the first-time unpaid blood donors can effectively adjust the psychological state,improve knowledge-attitude-practice level of blood donation,effectively reduce the blood donation reaction and diminish the degree of blood donation reaction,which is worthy of promotion.