术后急性肾损伤的研究现状与进展

Current status and progress in research on postoperative acute kidney injury

术后急性肾损伤(AKI)是大手术常见并发症之一,与死亡率和长期不良事件相关。改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO)提出AKI的定义,将血肌酐的升高和尿量减少作为诊断标准。然而,这种传统的诊断标准是不准确的,需要通过新的生物标志物协助诊断。术后发生AKI的危险因素可以从术前、术中和术后多个方面考虑,通过优化围手术期危险因素,从而减少AKI的发生。AKI的治疗方式有限,仍以对症支持治疗为主,因此早期识别、诊断和治疗是改善患者预后的关键步骤。

Postoperative acute kidney injury(AKI)is one of the common complications of major surgery,associated with mortality and long-term adverse events.The Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes(KDIGO)has proposed the definition of AKI,using elevated blood creatinine and decreased urine output as diagnostic criteria.However,this traditional diagnostic standard is inaccurate and requires the assistance of new biomarkers for diagnosis.The risk factors for postoperative AKI can be considered from various aspects,including preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative factors.By optimizing perioperative risk factors,the occurrence of AKI can be reduced.The treatment methods for AKI are limited and still focus on symptomatic supportive treatment.Therefore,early identification,diagnosis,and treatment are key steps in improving patient prognosis.