从等级到阶级:瞿秋白论士绅及其近代历史流变

From Estate to Class:Qu Qiubai's Study of Chinese Scholar-Gentry and Its Evolution in Modern Times

自五四运动到国民革命时期,瞿秋白持续关注中国社会中“士的阶级”问题,并开创性地运用马克思主义的社会学方法对士绅这一群体及其演变加以历史的剖析。除阶级分析外,他还率先尝试采用“阀(阅)”(亦即等级)这一社会学概念工具来把握士绅的身份特性。随着对农民运动与土地问题的关注,瞿秋白进而初步勾勒了士绅从“贵族士绅”向“地主士绅”演变的近代历史图景。瞿秋白关于中国士绅的探究是中国社会学史上不容忽视的知识遗产。

From the May Fourth Movement to the period of the 1925-1927 Chinese Revolution,Qu Qiubai has persistently focused on the issue of"the scholar class"in Chinese society,and pioneered the use of Marxist sociological methods to historically analyze this social group and its evolution.In addition to the class analysis,he also took the lead in adopting the sociological conceptual tool"estate”(fa yue)to grasp the scholar-gentry's status characters.With his attention to the peasant movement and the land issue,Qu Qiubai then preliminarily sketched a picture of the scholar-gentry's modern historical evolution,from the"aristocratic scholar-gentry"to the"landlord-gentry".Qu Qiubai's study of Chinese scholar-gentry is an intellectual heritage that cannot be ignored in the history of Chinese sociology.