量刑起点的规范解释与实例检验

Normative Explanation and Case Test of Sentencing Decision Around Quantity Threshold

量刑起点系我国量刑规范化改革中自创的概念,但通常与量刑基准混淆。量刑基准是抽象个罪的基准线,量刑起点则是具体犯罪中根据基本犯罪构成事实确定的刑罚量,每个案件的量刑起点并不相同。《关于常见犯罪的量刑指导意见》对量刑起点与基准刑的确定根据进行了拆分,但这种“拆分”式量刑起点确定方式违背犯罪构成原理。以4238个危险驾驶罪样本判决为例,进行回归分析,对该罪量刑起点的确定方式进行验证,结果显示,决定危险驾驶罪量刑起点的基本犯罪构成事实决定着主刑量,其他非基本犯罪构成事实对刑量的影响并不明显,并且因为量刑起点不明确,导致量刑失衡。在明确量刑起点与量刑基准界限的前提下,应对量刑起点确定所对应的幅度经过实证检验,并且量刑起点的确定应该坚持对基本犯罪构成事实进行整体评价,以便缩小量刑起点确定的差异。

basic criterion of sentencing,the starting point of sentencing refers to the specific penalty determined by the basic Tatbestand facts.The"split"formula of starting point of sentencing violates the basic principle of Tatbestand,and it is essentially the basic criterion of sentencing.A regression analysis was conducted on 4328 sentences of dangerous driving offense to verify the determining formula of the starting point of sentencing.It shows that the penalty is determined by the basic Tatbestand facts,and the non-basic have no obvious impact on the penalty.The sentencing starting point is not clear so that the sentencing is imbalance.On the premise of clear boundary between sentencing starting point and basic criterion of sentencing,empirical statistics should be carried out on the substantial basic criterion of sentencing.The determination of the sentencing threshold should insist on an overall evaluation of the constituent facts of the basic crime,so as to narrow the discrepancy in the determination of the starting point of sentencing.