拜登政府的国际制度重塑战略:行动、特征与制约

The Biden Administration's Rearrangement Strategy of International Institutions:Measures,Characteristics,and Constraints

国际制度具有功能性和非中性,既有助于应对全球性问题又服务于国家的外交政策议程,因而美国拜登政府尤为重视对国际制度的运用并将其作为护持美国霸权的重要工具。为此拜登政府选择性回归部分重要的国际制度、强化对既有国际制度的干预和领导、新建国际制度、加强和整合已有国际制度。这些举措在战略目标上锚定重振“自由国际主义”和应对地缘政治对手;在手段上凸显了排他性、内政指向性以及多领域扩展性的特征;在战略偏好上以“立”而非“破”的方式将国际制度视为美国的战略正资产,并突出了国际制度的权力属性。然而,拜登政府重塑国际制度也会因为制度设计缺陷、美国国力总体相对衰落、国际官僚反对、美国国内政治经济状况而受到制约,其有效性和持续性依然存疑。

Tackling global issues functionally and serving foreign policy with non-neutrality,international institutions are used to implement the international institutional statecraft and maintain American hegemony by the Biden Administration.Selectively returning,reinforcing leading and control,creatively building,integrating and reinforcing are the main means of the Biden Administration's international institutional statecraft,which aims at persisting in liberal internationalism and competing in geopolitics.Overall,the international institutional statecraft features exclusiveness,domestic orientation and covering numerous issues,indicating that the Biden Administration regards international institutions as its positive strategic assets.However,due to the defect of institutional design,a decline of the U.S.,opposition from international bureaucrats and constraints of domestic politics and economy,the Biden Administration's international institutional statecraft is difficult to implement.