乌克兰危机背景下的俄罗斯气候政策:治理观念、政策偏好与国际合作

Russia's Climate Policy in the Context of the Ukraine Crisis:Governance Concepts,Policy Preferences,and International Cooperation

气候政策是俄罗斯推进国家发展和国际治理的重要议题。2022年全面爆发的乌克兰危机对俄罗斯的气候政策造成了重大影响。俄罗斯气候政策的发展由治理观念、政策偏好以及国际合作三方面构成,三个要素间蕴含着复杂的影响关系。文章分析了乌克兰危机背景下俄罗斯气候政策的构成要素、政策调整逻辑、政策特点和政策影响。在治理观念方面,国家主义对于国内社会稳定以及国际气候治理主权的重视是俄罗斯气候政策的重要构成因素。在政策偏好方面,俄罗斯气候政策通过充分发挥国内自然资源优势的方式保障能源经济利益,同时争取开发全球能源市场的有利地位。在国际合作方面,俄罗斯气候合作呈现出既保持与美欧的气候议题沟通渠道,同时逐渐与全球南方国家建立气候技术合作项目的特点。在三者互动关系的共同作用下,俄罗斯气候政策围绕国内安全、能源经济以及国际治理三方面做出调整,影响了俄罗斯国家发展、国际气候治理、中俄经济合作的进程。

Climate policy is an important issue for Russia in advancing national development and international governance.The outbreak of the Ukraine crisis in 2022 has had a significant impact on the framework of Russia's climate policy.The development of Russia's climate policy consists of three elements:governance concepts,policy preferences,and international cooperation,with a complex influence relationship among the three.This paper analyzes the components,policy adjustment logic,policy characteristics and policy implications of Russia's climate policy in the context of the Ukraine crisis.In terms of governance concepts,the emphasis of statism on domestic social stability and international climate governance sovereignty is an important constituent of Russia's climate policy.In terms of policy preferences,Russia's climate policy seeks to safeguard the economic benefits of energy by taking full advantage of domestic natural resources,and at the same time seeks to develop a favorable position in the global energy market.In terms of international cooperation,Russia's climate cooperation is characterized by maintaining channels of communication on climate issues with the U.S.and Europe,while at the same time gradually establishing climate technology cooperation projects with countries in the Global South.Under the joint effect of interactions among the three,Russia's climate policy has been adjusted around domestic security,energy economy and international governance,affecting the process of Russia's national development,international climate governance,and China-Russia economic cooperation.