游牧的继替:阴山北部乌拉特草原牧民生计方式的民族志研究

Continuation and Substitution of Nomadism:An Ethnographic Study of Pastoralist Livelihood Patterns in Urad Grassland in Northern Yinshan Mountains

基于乌拉特中旗苏吉牧场的长期田野调查,本文以内外联动视角呈现了乌拉特草原牧民当代生计方式的新样态。研究发现,牧民们通过划区轮牧、租赁“走敖特尔”、以耕辅牧等多种形式使游牧这一当地传统生计方式得以延续。现代科学技术成为维持牧业生计的有效手段之一。牧业之外,旅游业、边境贸易成为其生计拓宽的新机遇。阴山北部乌拉特草原牧民当代生计方式的多样化表征是牧民群体生存智慧的生动体现,是传统性与现代性相互交织的体现,为理解当代牧民生计及其与现代社会的互动提供了鲜活的民族志个案,也为牧区社会转型的相关研究提供了持续探讨的可能。

Based on the long-term fieldwork at Suji Pasture in Urad Zhongqi,this paper presents a new pattern of contemporary pastoralist livelihood in Urad Grassland from the perspective of internal and external linkage.The study found that pastoralists continued the traditional local livelihood mode through various forms such as zoning for rotational grazing,leasing pastures for grazing,and supplementing grazing with farming.Modern scientific and technological advancements have become effective means for maintaining pastoral livelihood.In addition to nomadism,tourism and border trade have become new opportunities for expanding their livelihoods.The diversification of contemporary livelihood patterns among the Urad grassland pastoralists in northern Yinshan mountains reflects the survival wisdom of the pastoralist communities,and illustrates the interweaving relationship between tradition and modernity.This ethnographic case offers valuable insights into the livelihood of contemporary pastoralists and their interactions with modern society,and also provides ongoing potential for research on the social transformation of pastoral areas.