牡丹社事件之后清政府的反思与调整理台政策

The Qing Government’s Reflection and Adjustment of Policies for Governing Taiwan after the Botan Incident

同治十三年(1874)日本侵台的牡丹社事件,加剧了中国东南海疆的边疆危机。在此背景下,清政府内部发起一场海防大讨论,参与讨论的大臣尤其是东南沿海各省督抚深刻体认了日本与西方列强的侵略本性及东南海疆危机的严重性,在明确宣示台湾少数民族地区是中国主权与领土不可分割的一部分的同时,进一步强化了台湾地区作为东南海疆战略要地的认识。牡丹社事件之后清政府调整理台政策的重点是:改福建军政大员轮值巡台为福建巡抚巡台,调整行政建置与台湾地区建省,改革班兵与海防近代化,废除封禁政策与开山抚“番”。这些政策的调整,有助于进一步加快对台湾地区治理与开发的进程。

In the thirteenth year of Tongzhi(1874),the Botan Incident in Japan invaded Taiwan has exacerbated the border crisis of the southeast of China.In this context,the Qing government launched a major coastal discussion.The ministers participating in the discussion,especially the provinces of the southeast coastal provinces,deeply recognized the nature of the aggression between Japan and the Western powers and the seriousness of the crisis of the southeast sea.The ethnic region belongs to the inseparable part of China’s sovereignty and territory,and further strengthened Taiwan region’s understanding of Taiwan region as a strategic place for Southeast Haijiang.After the Botan Incident,the Qing government adjusted policies for governing Taiwan region:the rotating patrol of the Fujian military and political members was the patrol of Fujian governor,adjusting the administrative construction and the establishment of provinces in Taiwan region,reforming the class of soldiers and the modernization of sea defense,abolishing the banning policy and opening mountains for taking“Fan”.The adjustment of these policies helps further accelerate the process of governance and development of Taiwan region.