全球创新网络的演化特征和动力机制研究

Research on the evolutionary characteristics and dynamic mechanism of global innovation network

深度融入全球创新网络已经成为一国获取创新突破知识,提升国际竞争力的重要路径。本文基于1998—2020年跨国专利申请数据,构建全球创新网络对其结构特征和演化趋势进行分析,并运用时间指数随机图模型(TERGM),从外生机制和内生机制两方面,对创新网络的动力机制进行了深入探究。研究发现:(1)全球创新网络关系日趋紧密,形成集中在北美、西欧、大洋与东亚的非均衡格局。中国的地位提升明显,取代日本成为亚洲最具影响、仅次于美国的网络核心国家。(2)全球创新网络的关系形成和演化受外生机制和内生机制综合影响。经济发达、创新能力高且出口规模大的国家(地区)更倾向于发送专利申请,而具备一定创新能力的大市场国家(地区)则更有可能成为专利接收方。(3)国家(地区)之间倾向于形成互惠的专利申请关系。在结构依赖效应和时间依赖效应作用下,国家(地区)间高度连通,有着较高的传递性,专利申请关系链不断延伸。该研究对于我国进一步完善跨国专利申请和布局,深度融入全球创新网络,提升科技自主能力,培育企业国际竞争新优势具有重要的现实意义。

Integrating deeply into the global innovation network has become an important path for a country to acquire innovative breakthrough knowledge and enhance international competitiveness.Based on the data of international patent application from 1998 to 2020,this paper constructed the global innovation networks and analyzed their structural characteristics and evolution trend.Temporal Exponential Random Graph Model(TERGM)was used to deeply explore the influencing mechanism of the network from such two aspects as exogenous mechanism and endogenous mechanism.The study found that:(1)the global innovation network has become increasingly close,forming an unbalanced pattern concentrated in North America,Western Europe,the Oceania and East Asia.China′s status is significantly prominent,replacing Japan as the most influential network core country in Asia,second only to the United States.(2)The formation and evolution of the relationship of global innovation networks are affected by both exogenous and endogenous mechanisms.Countries with developed economies,high innovation capacity and large export scale are more likely to send patent applications,while large market countries with certain innovation capacity are more likely to become patent recipients.(3)Countries tend to form reciprocal patent application relationships.Under the effect of structure dependence and time dependence,countries are highly connected and have high transmissibility,and the patent application relationship chain continues to extend.This study has important practical significance for China to further improve its international patent applications and layout,deeply integrate into the global innovation network,enhance its technological autonomy,and cultivate new international competitive advantages for enterprises.