局部麻醉下机器人辅助经皮椎体后凸成形伤椎注入骨水泥的患者体验分析

Patient experience of robot-assisted percutaneous kyphoplasty with bone cement injection into injured vertebrae under local anesthesia

背景:局部麻醉下传统C臂辅助经皮椎体后凸成形手术需多次透视以调整穿刺方向,工作通道建立时间较长,患者术中疼痛刺激较大;而机器人辅助经皮椎体后凸成形手术可一次性精准穿刺成功,明显改善患者术中体验,同时减少骨水泥渗漏风险。目的:比较局部麻醉下机器人辅助和传统C臂辅助经皮椎体后凸成形手术的患者体验和其他疗效。方法:选择四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院(电子科技大学附属医院)收治的单节段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者241例,其中132例在局部麻醉下进行机器人辅助经皮椎体后凸成形手术治疗(机器人辅助组),109例在局部麻醉下进行传统C臂辅助经皮椎体后凸成形手术治疗(传统透视组),记录患者术中体验评价、骨水泥注射量、手术时间、工作通道建立时间、住院费用及并发症,术后1 d通过影像学评估穿刺偏差与骨水泥渗漏。结果与结论:(1)机器人组59例患者术中体验评价为“非常好”,43例为“好”,16例为“一般”,10例为“差”,4例为“非常差”;传统透视组30例患者术中体验评价为“非常好”,44例为“好”,21例为“一般”,9例为“差”,5例为“非常差”,两组间术中体验评价比较差异有显著性意义(Z=-2.546,P=0.011);机器人组患者术中目测类比评分低于传统透视组(t=-9.513,P=0.000);机器人组、传统透视组愿意在必要时再次接受经皮椎体后凸成形手术的患者分别为84例和47例,组间比较差异有显著性意义(Z=-2.730,P=0.006);(2)机器人组患者手术时间、住院费用均多于传统透视组(t=2.860,P=0.003;t=36.522,P=0.000),工作通道建立时间短于传统透视组(t=-27.066,P=0.000),穿刺精度优于传统透视组(Z=-3.656,P=0.000),骨水泥渗漏率低于传统透视组(χ^(2)=7.284,P=0.007);(3)结果表明,局部麻醉后在机器人辅助行经皮椎体后凸成形手术患者的手术体验较好,具有穿刺精确、工作通道建立时间短、骨水泥渗漏率低的优势。

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous kyphoplasty assisted by C-arm under local anesthesia requires continuous adjustment of the puncture direction under multiple C-arm fluoroscopy.The establishment time of the working channel is longer,and the intraoperative pain stimulation of patients is larger.With the help of the robot,the puncture can be successfully performed at one time,which can significantly improve the experience of patients and reduce the risk of bone cement leakage.OBJECTIVE:To compare the patient experience and other outcomes of percutaneous kyphoplasty using robot-assisted and conventional C-arm fluoroscopy under local anesthesia.METHODS:A total of 241 patients with single-stage osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture were selected from Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences·Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital(Affiliated Hospital,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China).132 patients underwent robot-assisted percutaneous kyphoplasty under local anesthesia(robot-assisted group).109 cases of conventional C-arm assisted percutaneous kyphoplasty under local anesthesia(conventional fluoroscopy group).Patients’intraoperative experience evaluation,bone cement injection amount,operation time,working channel establishment time,hospitalization cost and complications were recorded.Puncture deviation and bone cement leakage were evaluated by imaging on the first day after surgery.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The intraoperative experience of 59 patients in the robot-assisted group was rated as“very good”,43 as“good”,16 as“average”,10 as“poor”,and 4 as“very poor,”while that of 30 patients in the conventional fluoroscopy group was rated as“very good”,44 cases were“good”,21“average”,9“poor”,and 5“very poor.”There was a significant difference between the two groups in intraoperative experience evaluation(Z=-2.546,P=0.011).Intraoperative pain visual analog scale score was lower in the robot-assisted group than that in the conventional fluoroscopy group(t=-9.513,P=0.000).Totally 84 patients in the robot-assisted group and 47 patients in the conventional fluoroscopy group were willing to undergo percutaneous kyphoplasty again when necessary,and there was a significant difference between the two groups(Z=-2.730,P=0.006).(2)The operation time and hospitalization cost of the robot-assisted group were more than those of the conventional fluoroscopy group(t=2.860,P=0.003;t=36.522,P=0.000).The working channel establishment time of robot-assisted group was shorter than that of conventional fluoroscopy group(t=-27.066,P=0.000).The puncture deviation of robot-assisted group was better than that of conventional fluoroscopy group(Z=-3.656,P=0.000).The cement leakage of robot-assisted group was lower than that of conventional fluoroscopy group(χ^(2)=7.284,P=0.007).(3)It is concluded that under local anesthesia,patients with robot-assisted percutaneous kyphoplasty have good surgical experience,with advantages of accurate puncture,short time to establish working channel,and low leakage rate of bone cement.