细胞焦亡及其在口腔疾病中的作用

Roles of Pyroptosis in Oral Diseases

口腔疾病是指口腔在外界理化因子的损害、病原的侵入、牙颌面发育异常以及全身性疾病等情况下出现的病理现象,其引起的口腔感染及疼痛不适感严重降低患者的生存质量。细胞焦亡是一种细胞程序性死亡,其特征是细胞肿胀直至细胞膜破裂,细胞内容物释放并激活强烈的炎症反应。研究表明,细胞焦亡广泛参与调节口腔疾病的发生发展过程。本文详细介绍了4种类型的细胞焦亡途径,包括经典焦亡路径、非经典焦亡途径、胱天蛋白酶3/8介导的焦亡途径及不依赖胱天蛋白酶的焦亡途径。不同的焦亡途径形成复杂的信号网络,调控口腔中牙周膜细胞、牙龈成纤维细胞、巨噬细胞等多种细胞的生命活动,进而影响口腔疾病的发生与发展进程。该综述通过对大量文献信息的整合,对不同的细胞焦亡途径及其在口腔疾病中的作用进行了详细的梳理,旨在为寻找有效的治疗和预防口腔疾病的方法提供理论依据和研究方向。

Oral diseases are usually caused by external physical and chemical factors,the invasion of pathogens,dento-maxillofacial deformities and systemic diseases.Oral infections and orofacial pain triggered by oral diseases seriously reduce the quality of life.Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death,which is characterized by swelling of the cell until the cell membrane ruptures,releasing the cell contents and activating a strong inflammatory response.Previous studies have shown that pyroptosis is widely involved in the occurrence and development of oral diseases.In this review,four types of cellular pyroptosis pathways are described in detail,including the canonical pathway,non-canonical pathway,caspase-3/8 mediated pathway and caspase independent pathway.Different pyroptosis pathways form complex signal networks,which regulate the functions of periodontal membrane cells,gingival fibroblasts,macrophages and other cells in the oral cavity,thus affecting the occurrence and development of oral diseases.This review summarizes the latest research about the pathways of pyroptosis and its roles in oral diseases,aiming to provide a theoretical basis and direction for searching effective methods to treat and prevent oral diseases.