榆林市乡土芳香植物资源调查与应用分析

Application of Indigenous Aromatic Plants in Yulin

为研究野生芳香植物资源状况和芳香特性,通过野外调查对榆林市野生芳香植物资源类群进行了研究,以期为开发利用乡土芳香植物资源提供参考。调查显示,榆林市野生芳香植物共有60科158属238种,菊科、蔷薇科、豆科和唇形科作为该区域的四大主要科;芳香部位多集中在花和全草这两大部分,尤以花朵部位最为突出。从芳香特性来看,芳香期主要集中在春夏两季,以3~7月为主;榆林市不能自然散香类芳香植物占比为46.5%。自然散香类芳香植物占比为53.5%,其中包括淡香类124种、清香类97种、甜香类30种、辛香类79种、浓香类32种。榆林市野生草本芳香植物资源较丰富,分布着沙生、旱生、盐生等非地带性植被,开发潜力大;但在城市绿地中的芳香植物应用程度低,本土芳香植物优势不明显等问题;应在后续景观建设注重乡土芳香植物的开发利用,合理搭配不同种类芳香植物,加强后期管理。

To study the status and aromatic characteristics of wild aromatic plant resources,an investigation on the wild aromatic plant resources in Yulin was conducted through field surveys,with the aim of providing a reference for the development and utilization of local aromatic plant resources.There are a total of 60 families,158 genera,and 238 species of wild aromatic plants in Yulin,with the Asteraceae,Rosaceae,Fabaceae,and Lamiaceae being the four major families in the region;aromatic parts are mostly concentrated in flowers and whole plants,especially in the floral parts.In terms of aromatic characteristics,the aromatic period is mainly concentrated in spring and summer,with March to July being the main months;46.5%of the aromatic plants in Yulin cannot naturally release fragrance.The proportion of naturally fragrant plants is 53.5%,including 124 species of light fragrance,97 species of fresh fragrance,30 species of sweet fragrance,79 species of spicy fragrance,and 32 species of strong fragrance.The resources of wild herbaceous aromatic plants in Yulin are relatively abundant,with the distribution of non-zonal vegetation such as psammophytes,xerophytes,and halophytes,indicating great potential for development.However,the application of aromatic plants in urban green spaces is low,and the advantages of local aromatic plants are not obvious.In subsequent landscape construction,more attention should be paid to the development and utilization of local aromatic plants,with a reasonable mix of different types of aromatic plants and strengthened post-management.