腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶-哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白通路介导线粒体自噬在男性生殖中的研究进展

Research progress on niitophagy mediated by adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in male reproduction

线粒体自噬是指细胞利用自噬机制选择性地降解受损或多余线粒体的过程。近年来,有证据表明线粒体自噬在男性生殖中至关重要,其可清除异常的线粒体,从而减少氧化应激并维持生殖细胞的能量稳态。作为调控细胞生长代谢的经典通路,腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)-哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)通路通过产生自噬装置,调控线粒体蛋白,可促进自噬体包裹线粒体等过程,从而介导线粒体自噬。本文对AMPK-mTOR通路在下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG)轴中枢水平及性腺水平调节线粒体自噬的机制作一综述,以期为改善精子质量提供新的观点和思路。

Mitophagy represents the process by which cells selectively degrade damaged or surplus mitochondria through the mechanism of autophagy.In recent years,there is evidence indicating that mitophagy plays a critical role in male reproduction by clearing abnormal mitochondria,thereby reducing oxidative stress and maintaining the energy homeostasis of reproductive cells.As a classical pathway that regulates cellular growth and metabolism,the adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway generates autophagic machinery and regulates mitochondrial proteins,facilitating the sequestration of mitochondria within autophagosomes,thereby mediating mitophagy.This article elucidates the mechanisms by which the AMPK-mTOR pathway modulates mitophagy at both central and gonadal levels within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,aiming to provide novel insights and perspectives for ameliorating the quality of spermatozoa.