国家公园生态产品价值实现——基本逻辑、核心机制与典型模式

Value Realization of Ecological Products in National Parks:Basic Logic,Core Mechanism and Typical Model

文章在梳理国家公园生态产品价值实现的基本逻辑及其内在关系的基础上,按照“产品类型—核心机制—实现方式—目标导向”的逻辑思路,提炼出国家公园生态产品价值实现机制与模式。研究发现:国家公园生态产品价值实现机制主要包括价值补偿机制和委托代理机制;国家公园生态产品价值实现模式主要包括特许经营模式、品牌增值模式、生态补偿模式、地役权收益抵押贷款模式和碳汇交易模式;旨在以生态旅游、科普教育等丰富国家公园特许经营业态,以标准化生产、信息化手段等实现国家公园品牌增值,以差异化补偿、制度化保障等推动生态补偿,以地役权抵质押等完善国家公园绿色金融产品体系,以项目开发、指标认证等促进碳汇价值转化。据此,提出应从分类补偿、利益共享、要素流动、数字赋能等方面完善国家公园生态产品价值实现机制与模式,形成系统完整的国家公园价值补偿和委托代理体系,推动自然资源资产的科学保护与合理利用,以及国家公园生态产品多维价值的实现。

Based on the basic logic and internal relationship of the value realization of ecological products in national parks,this paper proposes the mechanism and model of the value realization of ecological products in national parks according to the logic of"product type-core mechanism-implementation method-goal orientation".The value realization mechanism of ecological products in national parks mainly includes value compensation mechanism and agency mechanism,the value realization models of ecological products in national parks mainly include franchise model,brand value-added model,ecological compensation model,mortgage loan model for easement income,and carbon sink trading model,which is to enrich the franchise business models of national parks through ecotourism,science popularization education,and other means,achieve national park brand value-added through standardized production and information technology,promote ecological compensation through differentiated compensation and institutional guarantees,improve the green financial product system of national parks through mortgage and pledge of servitude rights,and promote the conversion of carbon sink value through project development and indicator certification.Therefore,it should improve the mechanisms and models for the value realization of national park ecological products from the aspects of classification compensation,benefit sharing,factor flow,and digital empowerment,in order to form a systematic and complete national park value compensation and agency system,and promote the scientific protection and rational utilization of natural resource assets,as well as the realization of multi-dimensional value of national park ecological products.