漂浮式海上风机施工安装现状与发展趋势及技术挑战

Current Sates,Development Trends,and Technical Challenges for Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Installation

漂浮式海上风机是开发和利用海上风能资源的关键技术装备,对拓展海上风电的开发空间具有重要战略意义。施工安装是漂浮式海上风机全生命周期的重要环节,也是实现海上风电经济、安全和高效开发的关键。然而随着海上风机的深远海和大型化发展,施工安装难度大幅提升,现有安装工艺及技术装备无法满足其安装作业需求。本文首先回顾了国内、外漂浮式海上风机发展历程,展望了未来漂浮式海上风机在降本增效以及解决施工安装难题中的创新设计理念;然后在此基础上,通过工程案例分析,总结梳理漂浮式海上风机运输安装工艺,分析漂浮式海上风机运输安装关键问题与技术挑战;最后针对漂浮式海上风机施工安装难题,从新工艺、新装备和新技术等方面提出发展建议,以期为漂浮式海上风电迈向深远海提供参考。

Floating offshore wind turbine is a critical technology for the development and utilization of offshore wind energy,playing a significant strategic role in expanding the development space for off-shore wind power.The offshore installation stage is essential in the lifecycle of floating offshore wind turbine and is key to developing offshore wind power economically,safely,and efficiently.However,as offshore wind turbines move towards deeper waters and larger scales,the difficulty of installation in-creases significantly,and existing installation technology and equipment cannot meet the demands of the operation.This paper firstly reviews the development history of floating offshore wind turbines both do-mestically and internationally.Then,the future prospects of innovative design concepts in reducing costs,increasing efficiency,and addressing installation challenges are presented.Based on engineering case studies,it summarizes the transportation and installation techniques for floating offshore wind tur-bines,andanalyzes the key issues and technical challenges.Finally,in light of the installation challenges for floating offshore wind turbines,this paper proposes the future requirements for technology and e-quipment in marine operations,to provide references for the advancement of floating offshore wind tur-bine into deeper waters.