儒家文化中的秩序观及其对乡村治理的影响

The Thought on Order in Confucian Culture and its Influence on Rural Governance

儒家开辟了政治尚贤的先河,无论是以价值共识为引领的“五天伦”,以既定社会关系为依规的“五人伦”,还是以集体行动为标靶的“五常”理念,都指向个人的品德修为、他者的道德劝善以及群体的价值共识,意在以德治为基础型构一个自发秩序基础上的善治社会。儒家秩序观数千年来深刻影响中国的乡村治理实践,伦理思想为乡村的人际关系规范提供了理论根源,德治制度化使乡规民约具有现实可操作性,价值共识孕育乡土精神并融入国家价值体系,贤能治理则为乡村整体秩序注入源源不断的动力。儒家以德治为中心的秩序观,使乡村治理在历史长河中始终保有传承性、增长性和开放性,不仅是乡村社会资本存量的重要保障,也是乡村公序良俗的重要根脉。

Confucianism started the tradition of exaltation of the virtuous in politics.There were five heavenly ethics led by consensus in values,five humane ethics guided by existing social relationship,five eternal ethics aimed to collective works.They all lead to personal moral accomplishment,social moral persuasion and collective consensus of values,trying to build a moral society on the base of spontaneous order.Confucian thought on order influenced the rural governance in China for thousands of years:Ethical thoughts provided theoretical base of rural social relationship;Systematic moral governance made the local rules practical;Consensus in values brought out local spirits that integrated into the national value system;Exaltation of the virtuous pump power into the order of rural areas.Confucian thought on order based on moral governance guaranteed inheritance,increase and innovation.It is not only an important safeguard of rural social capital stock but also the root of rural morality.