基于BLUP值的黄淮麦套大果花生的综合分析

Comprehensive Analysis of Large-Kernel Peanut Intercropped with Wheat in the Huanghuai Region Based on BLUP Values

采用2017年河南省联合体麦套两组花生多点区试数据,利用最佳线性无偏估计(best linear unbiased prediction,BLUP)处理产量及其相关的10个主要农艺性状,以BLUP值为基础进行遗传力和遗传变异、相关性、通径、主成分分析,解析剔除环境效应后不同农艺性状对产量的影响,为快速准确选育高产麦套花生品种提供理论依据;通过主成分综合评价,筛选适合黄淮麦套的高产大果花生品种。遗传力分析表明,百仁质量、百果质量的遗传力较高,结果枝数、单株生产力、饱果率的遗传力较低;遗传变异分析显示,变异系数范围出仁率最小,单株果数最大;相关性分析表明,百果质量、百仁质量、饱果率与产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),主茎高、侧枝长、结果枝数和单株果数与产量呈极显著负相关(P<0.001);通径分析显示,主茎高与产量直接通径系数最大,为1.183,其次是百果质量、百仁质量,分别为0.499、0.453;主成分分析显示,11个性状可提取出3个主成分因子,分别与产量、株型、单株果数相关,遗传贡献率分别为42.26%、26.03%、11.12%,累计达79.41%。黄淮麦套大果花生选育时,可在早期世代选择百仁质量、百果质量,高世代选择结果枝数、单株生产力和饱果率;注重百果质量、百仁质量、饱果率性状选择可提高选育效率。濮学花0815、开农86、商花21号、开农79和郑农花18号具有较好的株型、产量和单株果数因子,适宜在黄淮麦套花生生产区种植推广。

This study used a multi-point regional trial data of two groups of peanuts intercropped with wheat in Henan Province in 2017,and the best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP)to analyze the peanut yield and its related 10 main agronomic traits.Based on BLUP values,genetic heritability,the methods of genetic variation,correlation,path analysis,and principal component analysis were conducted to analyze the impact of different agronomic traits on yield after removing environmental effects.This study provided a theoretical basis for the rapid and accurate breeding of high-yield wheat-intercropped peanut varieties.Based on the results of comprehensive principal component analysis,suitable high-yield large-kernel peanut varieties for wheat intercropping in the Huanghuai region were selected.Genetic heritability analysis indicated that the heritability of 100-kernel mass and 100-pod mass was relatively high,while the heritability of number of fruiting branches,individual plant productivity,and full pod rate was relatively low.Genetic variation analysis showed that the range of the coefficient of variation was the smallest for kernel percentage and the largest for the number of pods per plant.Correlation analysis demonstrated that 100-pod mass,100-kernel mass,and full pod rate were significantly and positively correlated with yield(P<0.001),whereas main stem height,lateral branch length,number of fruiting branches,and number of pods per plant were significantly and negatively correlated with yield(P<0.001).The results from path analysis showed that the direct path coefficient between main stem height and yield was the highest at 1.183,followed by 100-pod mass and 100-kernel mass at 0.499 and 0.453,respectively.Principal component analysis showed that three principal component factors could be extracted from 11 traits,which were related to yield,plant type,and number of pods per plant,with genetic contribution rates of 42.26%,26.03%,and 11.12%,respectively,totaling 79.41%.In the breeding process of wheat-intercropped large-kernel peanuts in the Huanghuai region,the selection of 100-kernel mass and 100-pod mass can be made in the early generations,while the number of fruiting branches,individual plant productivity,and full pod rate can be selected in the advanced generations.Emphasizing the selection of traits such as 100-pod mass,100-kernel mass,and full pod rate can improve breeding efficiency.Puxuehua0815,Kainong86,Shanghua21,Kainong79,and Zhengnonghua18 have good plant types,yields,and number of pods per plant,making them suitable for planting in the wheat-peanut intercropping production area of the Huanghuai region.