肠道粪菌移植在溃疡性结肠炎治疗中的应用进展

Application progress of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of ulcerative colitis

溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是一种慢性非特异性炎症性肠病,主要表现为腹痛、腹泻及黏液脓血便,其成因涉及遗传、环境、免疫失调等多种因素。近年来越来越多的研究聚焦于UC与肠道菌群的关系,其中粪菌移植(FMT)颇受关注。FMT通过移植供体的肠道菌群直接对抗病原菌,还可通过改善肠上皮细胞的健康状态、提供能量支持等方式,修复受损的肠黏膜屏障达到治疗UC的目的,从而重建肠道菌群平衡、恢复肠道功能。笔者着重从UC与肠黏膜屏障、肠道菌群变化与UC、 FMT治疗UC的有效性与安全性等方面对FMT在UC治疗中的作用及机制进行综述。

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic,non-specific inflammatory bowel disease characterized by abdominal pain,diarrhea,and mucopurulent bloody stool.Its etiology involves multiple factors such as genetics,environment,and immune disorders.In recent years,an increasing number of studies have focused on the relationship between UC and gut microbiota,with particular attention paid to fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT).FMT directly counteracts pathogenic bacteria by transplanting donor gut microbiota.It also repairs damaged intestinal mucosal barriers,improves the health status of intestinal epithelial cells,and provides energy support,thereby achieving the goal of treating UC.This ultimately reconstructs gut microbiota balance and restores intestinal function.This article comprehensively reviews the role and mechanism of FMT in UC treatment,focusing on the relationship between UC and intestinal mucosal barriers,changes in gut microbiota and UC,as well as the effectiveness and safety of FMT in UC treatment.