回到杜预———论晚清今古视野下的章太炎«春秋»学∗

Back to Du Yu-on Zhang Taiyan’s Study of Chun Qiu from the Perspective of the Two Confucian Schools of the Late Qing Dynasty

清中叶以来,随着常州今文学的复兴,今古之争再次成为学术与思想领域的焦点问题。章太炎借助其对《左传》的诠释,对康有为及保皇党人所依据的《公羊传》进行了全面的批判。不仅如此,章太炎还上溯到刘逢禄为代表的常州学术,甚至对今文家所尊奉的孔子,亦肆意贬抑。透过这种批评,章太炎的《左传》学最后标榜回到杜预,从而背离了清初以来驳正杜预的主流倾向。不难发现,章太炎的《春秋》学,表面上通过对康有为诠释《公羊传》的批评,发挥了《左传》中的思想,其实充满了基于党派意识的门户之见。

Since the middle of the Qing Dynasty,with the revival of Changzhou School,the dispute between modern and ancient classics has once again become the focus of academic and intellectual fields.With his interpretation of Zuo Zhuan,Zhang Taiyan comprehensively criticized Gongyang Zhuan,which Kang Youwei and the royalists relied on.Moreover,Zhang Taiyan also went back to Changzhou academic represented by Liu Fenglu,and even disparaged Confucius who was revered by the scholars of the modern classics.Through this criticism,Zhang Taiyan’s study of Zuo Zhuan finally claimed to return to Du Yu,thus deviating from the mainstream tendency of refuting Du Yu since the early Qing Dynasty.It is not difficult to find that Zhang Taiyan’s study of Chun Qiu played out the thoughts in Zuo Zhuan by criticizing Kang Youwei’s interpretation of Gongyang Zhuan on the surface,but in fact was full of sectarianism based on party consciousness.