“大众化”与苏区文艺的经验价值

“Popularization”and the Experience Value in the Soviet Area Literature and Art

发生于江西中央苏区的“文艺大众化”运动,是中国现代革命运动的重要组成部分,它不仅极大地丰富了苏区军民的业余文化生活,宣传了中国共产党关于土地革命战争的思想主张,同时还为延安文艺和解放区文艺提供了宝贵的经验价值。这种经验价值具体表现为:以识字扫盲运动为前导,尽可能提升工农大众的文化水准,进而为“文艺大众化”运动打下了一个良好的基础;以“红色山歌”“图画讲演”及“活报剧”为表现形式,将革命宣传与群众娱乐融为一体,开辟了一条“文艺大众化”运动的有效途径;以“工农剧社”为孵化器,培养苏区自己的艺术人才,在一定程度上提高了“文艺大众化”的艺术品味。总而言之,苏区“文艺大众化”运动的经验价值,就是追求“娱乐性”与“革命性”的完美统一,并在中国现代革命的具体实践中,创造了“人民文艺”的早期形态。

The“popularization of literature and art”movement,which took place in the Central Soviet Area of Jiangxi Province,is an important part of China’s modern revolutionary movement.It not only greatly enriched the amateur cultural life of the military and the people in the Soviet Area,and publicized the CPC’s ideas on the Agrarian Revolutionary War,but also provided precious experiential value for literature and art in Yan’an and the liberated areas.This experiential value is embodied in three aspects:with the literacy campaign as the forerunner,the cultural level of workers and peasants had been improved as much as possible;thereby laying a good foundation for the“popularization of literature and art”movement;with the“red mountain songs”“picture speeches”and“live newspapers”as forms of expression,revolutionary propaganda was integrated with mass entertainment,opening up an effective path for the“popularization of literature and art”movement;with the“Workers and Peasants Drama Society”as the incubator,the Soviet area cultivated its own artistic talents,improving the artistic taste of“popularization of literature and art”to some extent.In summary,the experiential value of the“popularization of literature and art”movement in the Soviet areas is to pursue the perfect unity of“entertainment”and“revolution”,and to create the early form of“people's literature and art”in the specific practice of modern Chinese revolution.