论科马克·麦卡锡的问题意识与文学介入

On Problem Awareness and Literary Engagement of Cormac McCarthy

美国当代杰出小说家科马克·麦卡锡以敏锐的问题意识将所忧所思介入小说创作,思考并反思社会问题、战争问题和生态问题。在对社会问题的介入中,麦卡锡将家庭衰败与贫穷、酗酒、吸毒和犯罪等问题建立起因果联系,认为家庭衰败导致的儿童社会化不足和精神问题让衰败家庭中成长的群体成为社会问题人群,饱受贫穷之苦,步上酗酒、吸毒和犯罪的道路。在对战争问题的介入中,麦卡锡通过回顾美国历史上发生的战争揭示战争带来的苦难并警示未来核战的危险,表达了作者反对战争的和平立场。在对生态问题的介入中,麦卡锡追溯农耕畜牧社会到工业社会日益严峻的自然环境问题,想象未来的生态灾难,勾勒出生态不断恶化的进展过程,传达作者对生态问题的认识与焦虑。通过不断介入人类共同存在和可能面临的问题,麦卡锡积极引导读者认识、思考和反思这些问题,谨防灾难性悲剧。

As an outstanding contemporary American novelist,with keen problem awareness,Cormac McCarthy is engaged with the current problems of the time and writes about them in his novels,thinking about and reflecting on social problems,war problems and ecological problems.In his engagement with the social problems,McCarthy establishes a causal link between family decay and poverty,alcoholism,drug abuse and crime,believing that the insufficient socialization and mental problems of children caused by family decay make the groups growing up in decayed families become social problem groups,suffering from poverty and stepping on the road of alcoholism,drug abuse and crimes.In his engagement with the war problems,McCarthy expresses his stance of peace against war by reviewing the wars in American history to reveal the sufferings brought by wars and utter warnings of the danger of nuclear war in the future.In his engagement with ecological problems,McCarthy traces the increasingly severe natural environmental problems from the farming and animal husbandry society to the industrial society,and he also imagines the ecological disaster in the future,during which he outlines the progress process of ecological deterioration,and conveys his understanding and anxiety about ecological problems.By constantly engaged with the common existential problems and potential problems of mankind,McCarthy actively guides readers to understand,think about and reflect on these problems,and beware of catastrophic tragedies.