10至14世纪儒学在朝鲜半岛的传播与本土化

The Spread and Localization of Confucianism in the Korean Peninsula from the 10th to the 14th Centuries

10至14世纪朝鲜半岛的统治者虽以佛教治国,定佛教为国教,但对儒教亦非常重视。除东亚儒教文化圈的辐射影响外,统治者借助儒教打击佛教势力过度干政,也是其重视儒教的主要动因。太祖、光宗和成宗三朝是尊儒华化政策的奠基期,此后继任者们基本遵循此制。这一时期朝鲜半岛的儒学发展历经政治性儒学、诗文儒家和学理性儒学三大阶段,代表人物分别为崔承老、李奎报和李穑。其王朝通过官学私学并举,置科举选拔官吏,设立经筵制度,设置汉语讲授机构“通文馆”,以及派遣留学生等举措,形成了系统、完备的儒学教育体制。10至14世纪儒学在朝鲜半岛的传播与本土化,为后来朝鲜王朝以儒教治国打下了坚实的基础。

Although Rulers of the Korean Peninsula from the 10th to the 14th centuries ruled the country with Buddhism and established Buddhism as the state religion,they also attached great importance to Confucianism.In addition to the radiation influence of the East Asian Confucianism cultural circle,the rulers made use of Confucianism to combat Buddhism excessive interference,which is also an important motivation for their worship of Confucianism.The three dynasties of Taizu,Guangzong and Chengzong were the foundation period of the policy of respecting Confucianism of China,and the successors basically followed this system.During this period,the development of Confucianism on the Korean Peninsula went through three stages:political Confucianism,poetry Confucianism and rational Confucianism,and its representative figures were Cui Chenglao,Li Kuibao and Li Se.The dynasty formed a systematic and complete Confucian education system by combining the government and private studies,selecting the imperial examinations,establishing the banquet system,setting up the“general hall”of Chinese teaching institutions,and sending students.The spread and localization of Confucianism in the Korean Peninsula from the 10th to the 14th centuries laid a solid foundation for the later Korean dynasty to rule the country through Confucianism.