美国实体清单制度对我国实体影响及应对策略--基于中兴、华为、联邦快递案的实证研究

The Impact and Response Strategies of the US Entity List System on China’s Entities-An Empirical Study Based on ZTE,Huawei and FedEx Cases

美国基于技术霸权,利用实体清单制度等单边制裁手段对我国经济、科技等领域进行干涉,削弱中国的技术竞争力,触及中国安全。我国出台《不可靠实体清单规定》等法律法规,积极应对美国制裁,维护国家安全。实证研究表明,中国企业在大国博弈下,面临执行实体清单禁令和受到中国反制裁立法体系处罚的两难困境。基于此,我国应在人类命运共同体理念之上,引入严苛的反制裁实体要件体系,并在逻辑上确立反制裁法律制度适用的平衡机制。我国在反制裁法律体系优化中应综合考虑行政救济机制的具体规则、相关法律法规的衔接、工作机制的程序性规范等因素,从而助力中国实体通过相关救济制度走出困境。

Based on the technological hegemony,the United States has utilized unilateral sanctions,such as the Entity List System,to illegally interfere in China’s economy,science and technology,and other fields,weakening China’s technological competitiveness and touching upon China’s security.China has introduced the Provisions on the List of Unreliable Entities to actively respond to U.S.sanctions and safeguard national security.Empirical research shows that Chinese enterprises face the dilemma of enforcing the entity list ban and being penalized by China’s anti-sanctions legislative system under the great power rivalry.Based on this,China should establish a stringent anti-sanction entity requirement system in line with the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind and logically construct a well-balanced mechanism for the implementation of an anti-sanction legal framework.Specifically,when optimizing the anti-sanctions legal system,China should comprehensively consider the specific regulations governing administrative relief mechanisms,the interconnection of relevant laws and regulations,procedural norms within the operational mechanism,and other factors to facilitate Chinese entities'escape from predicaments through relevant relief systems.