数字化时代的熊彼特:企业家精神与技术扩散

Schumpeter in the Digital Age:Entrepreneurship and Technological Diffusion

熊彼特(Schumpeter)在《经济发展理论》中分别论述企业家精神和技术扩散的基本理论。本文在此基础上提出该猜想:真正的企业家精神催动的技术创新必然具有更深邃、更广泛、更长期的技术影响力(扩散)。相反,较低的、虚假的或毫无企业家精神催动的技术创新仅能帮助企业自身获得垄断利润,即使依靠研发操纵骗取了额外补贴,也必无良好的技术扩散表现,更无益于社会进步和共同富裕。本文在数字技术本身就具有广泛影响力的前提下,初步证实了这一猜想的可靠性,即数字技术本身有助于各行业催动其产业模式的革新(产业数字化),因此真正的企业家精神推动的数字技术创新一定具有更广泛、更深远的技术扩散,否则便与数字技术本身的性质相悖。特别地,在数字化时代,企业家精神有新的表现和内涵。基于此,本文选取其中最核心的三点进行强调,尤其需要关注技术扩散方面的核心价值。

Joseph Schumpeter proposed the theoretical framework of entrepreneurship and technological diffusion in his work“The Theory of Economic Development”.The conjecture was put on the basis that the technology innovation driven by real entrepreneurship is bound to have deeper,broader and longer-term technological influence(diffusion),while the technology innovation driven by lower,false or no entrepreneurship can only help enterprises to obtain monopoly profits or to even manipulate research and development for additional subsidies,resulting in underperformance in technological diffusion and no further benefits for the progress and common prosperity of the society.Exposed to a broad impact from digital technologies,it provides preliminary evidence and illustrates the applicability of digital technologies in various industries to help promote model innovation(industrial digitalization).Therefore,innovations driven by genuine entrepreneurship are expected to create a wider impact,or they will contradict with the nature of digital technologies.Particularly,within the digital era,entrepreneurship has taken on new manifestations and connotations.It highlights three most fundamental core elements,especially in terms of the core values in the context of technology diffusion.