国际航权自由化的困境及其纾解

The dilemma in the liberalization of freedoms of the air and its alleviation

《海南自由贸易港建设总体方案》试点开放第七航权,但如何实施开放第七航权的体制机制尚未形成。航空自由的变迁规律决定了国际航权开放具有自由化特质、主要以航空运输双边协定的模式展开以及若干航空运输大国主导的特点。国际航权开放主要包括美国的积极推动和主导、欧盟的谨慎融入以及亚太区域的积极跟进。然而,国际航权自由化面临着国际航权开放融入多边体制步履维艰和全面惠及各国的国际航权自由化的多边体制尚未形成的困境。在建设海南自由贸易港背景下,中国应该通过凝练成熟的谈判范本以确立中国主导国际航权开放双边体制的主导地位,以试点开放第七航权为基础和原点推动国际航权开放的区域性多边体制,以及以《海南自由贸易港法》为法律基础细化国际航权开放的制度设计和实施。

The Overall Plan for the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port has made it clear to support trial implementation of the seventh freedom of the air,and the concrete system and mechanism for its implementation haven't yet been established though.The changing law of international air traffic freedom determines that the implementation of freedom of the air has the characteristics of liberalization,is mainly implemented in the mode of bilateral air transport agreements,and features the dominance of some major air transport powers.The implementation of freedom of the air is mainly promoted and led by the United States,prudently joined by the European Union and actively followed up by countries in the Asia Pacific region.However,the liberalization of freedom of the air faces the dilemmas that the implementation of freedom of the air has difficulty in its integration into the multilateral system,and its multilateral system benefiting all the countries has not yet been formed.Under the strategic background of building Hainan Free Trade Port,China is expected to establish its leading position in the bilateral system of the implementation of freedom of the air through compacting the mature template for negotiation.Further,the pilot implementation of the seventh freedom of the air in the overall plan should be exploited as the basis and origin to promote the regional multilateral system of implementation of freedom of the air.Meantime,Hainan Free Trade Port Law of the People's Republic of China should be treated as the legal basis to refine the design and implementation of system for freedoms of the air.