旅游资源禀赋、交通区位与旅游产业发展——基于民族地区85个县调查数据的分析

Tourism resource endowment,transportation and location,and development in the tourism industry:an analysis of the survey data from 85 counties in Chinese ethnic areas

运用我国民族地区85个县的调查数据,采用德尔菲法构建旅游资源禀赋指数、交通区位指数、旅游服务水平指数、政府支持指数和经济发展指数,并进一步运用两步GMM法实证分析了旅游资源禀赋、交通区位对旅游产业发展的影响。研究表明:一是我国民族地区旅游资源禀赋存在较大差异,旅游资源禀赋与游客人数及旅游收入之间存在正相关关系,并未出现旅游资源诅咒现象。二是在旅游资源丰富的地区,交通区位的改善促进了游客人数的显著增长,而在旅游资源相对贫乏的地区,交通区位的改善反而抑制了游客人数的增长。三是民族地区旅游服务水平整体不高,且各地区间存在较大的差异。旅游服务水平与旅游产业发展之间存在正相关关系,政府支持促进了当地旅游产业的发展。基于研究结论,文章提出应汇聚各方合力大力推进旅游资源开发,将生态旅游与区域文化相结合;持续改善交通基础设施,提高旅游服务水平;因地制宜处理好政府与市场间的关系,推进旅游业与其他产业间的协同发展。

With the survey data from 85 counties in ethnic areas of China,the Delphi method is used to construct the tourism resource endowment index,the transportation and location index,the tourism service level index,the government support index and the economic development index.Further,the two-step GMM method is utilized to empirically analyze the influence of tourism resource endowment and transportation and location on the development in the tourism industry.As the results show,there are large differences in tourism resource endowment in the ethnic areas of China,a positive correlation exists between tourism resource endowment and the number of tourists and the tourism income,and there is no tourism resource curse phenomenon.In the areas with rich tourism resources,the improvement of transportation and location has promoted a significant increase in the number of tourists while the improvement of transportation and location has actually suppressed the growth of tourists in the areas with relatively scarce tourism resources.Furthermore,the overall level of tourism services in the ethnic areas is not high,and there are large differences between regions.It is found that there is a positive correlation between the tourism service level and the development in the tourism industry,and the government support has promoted the development of local tourism industry.Based on these findings,the paper proposes that all parties should work together to vigorously promote the development of tourism resources,and integrate ecological tourism with the regional culture.Meantime,the transportation infrastructure should be improved continuously to enhance the level of tourism services.In addition,the relationship between the government and the market must be handled according to the local conditions so as to promote the synergistic development between tourism and other industries.