人工智能仲裁裁决:兴起、法律效力和法律回应

Arbitral awards made by artificial intelligence:the upsurge,legal validity and legal response

人工智能仲裁裁决是仲裁法领域的最新发展。效率性、经济性和公正性的特性使得人工智能仲裁裁决具有可欲性,而人工智能算法由“规则驱动型”向“数据驱动型”的范式转变则提供了技术上的可行性。从合同法角度来看,人工智能仲裁裁决的执行实为仲裁协议下仲裁当事人的合同义务。在合同效力上,除了协议中指定的人工智能算法存在歧视这一违背程序性公序良俗事由外,人工智能仲裁协议应为有效;从仲裁法角度来看,人工智能仲裁裁决依然是《仲裁法》意义上的仲裁裁决。在裁决效力上,人工智能仲裁裁决仅可能因为算法歧视问题被认定为违背程序性社会公共利益而被撤销或不予执行。我国现有《仲裁法》以人类仲裁裁决为基本预设,应予更新以回应人工智能仲裁裁决的挑战。在基本思路上《,仲裁法》应当聚焦人工智能算法的特殊挑战,包括算法歧视、算法黑箱和算法裁决不合理等问题,同时平衡“公正与效率”“自治与干预”和“开放与谨慎”。在具体制度上《,仲裁法》应当构建人工智能仲裁裁决算法审查制度、赋予仲裁当事人算法解释权、扩展撤销和不予执行仲裁裁决法定事由。

Arbitral awards made by artificial intelligence are the latest development in the field of arbitration law.The characteristics of efficiency,economy and fairness make arbitral awards made by artificial intelligence desirable,and the paradigm transformation of artificial intelligence from"rule-driven"to"data-driven"provides technical feasibility.From the perspective of contract law,the enforcement of arbitral awards made by artificial intelligence is actually the contractual obligations of the parties to the arbitration under the arbitration agreement.In terms of the validity of the contract,the artificial intelligence arbitration agreement shall be valid except that the artificial intelligence algorithm specified in the agreement is discriminatory,which is contrary to procedural public order and good morals.From the perspective of arbitration law,arbitral awards made by artificial intelligence are still arbitral awards in the sense of the Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China.In terms of the validity of the awards,arbitral awards made by artificial intelligence can only be revoked or not implemented because the algorithm discrimination problem is found.China's existing arbitration law takes arbitral awards made by human as the basic presupposition and should be updated to respond to the challenge of arbitral awards made by artificial intelligence.As the basic guideline,the Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China should focus on the special challenges of artificial intelligence algorithms,including algorithm discrimination,algorithm black box and unreasonable awards,while balancing"justice and efficiency","autonomy and intervention"and"openness and prudence".As the specific norms,the Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China should establish an algorithm review system,give the parties to the arbitration the right to interpret the algorithm,and expand the legal reasons for revocation and non-enforcement of the arbitral awards.