糖尿病患者下肢动脉硬化疾病筛查及危险因素分析

Screening of lower extremity arteriosclerosis in diabetes patients and analysis of risk factors

目的探讨糖尿病患者发生下肢动脉硬化疾病的危险因素。方法收集2019年10月至2023年2月于新疆医科大学第一附属医院接受治疗的187例糖尿病患者的临床资料,按照是否存在下肢动脉硬化疾病将患者分为病例组(n=56)和对照组(n=131)。比较两组患者的临床特征、糖尿病病史及其诊治情况、下肢动脉疾病特点及住院期间治疗情况,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析糖尿病患者下肢动脉硬化的危险因素。结果在56例糖尿病合并下肢动脉硬化疾病的患者中,下肢动脉硬化狭窄患者39例,下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者17例,其中,合并糖尿病足5例。病例组患者年龄≥65岁、吸烟、高血压、糖化血红蛋白≥7.0%的比例均高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);多因素分析结果显示,老年(年龄≥65岁)、吸烟、糖化血红蛋白≥7.0%、高血压均是糖尿病患者合并下肢动脉硬化疾病的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05)。结论糖尿病患者发生下肢动脉硬化疾病的概率较高,与年龄、糖化血红蛋白水平、高血压情况及吸烟情况密切相关。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of lower extremity arteriosclerosis in diabetes patients.Method The clinical data of 187 patients with diabetes who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from October 2019 to February 2023 were collected,and the patients were divide into case group(n=56)and control group(n=131)based on the presence of lower extremity arteriosclerosis.The clinical characteristics,diabetes history,diagnosis and treatment of diabetes,characteristics of lower extremity artery disease and treatment during hospitalization of the two groups were compared,and the risk factors of lower extremity arteriosclerosis in diabetes patients were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression model.Result Among 56 cases of diabetes with lower extremity arteriosclerosis disease,39 cases of lower extremity arteriosclerosis stenosis,17 cases of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans,of which 5 cases were associated with diabetes foot.The ratio of patients aged≥65 years old,smoking,hypertension,and glycated hemoglobin≥7.0%in the case group were all higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the elderly,old age(≥65 years old),smoking,glycosylated hemoglobin≥7.0%,hypertension were all independent risk factors for diabetes patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis(P<0.05).Conclusion The rate of diabetes patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis disease is high,and many factors are closely related to it,including old age,glycosylated hemoglobin level,hypertension and smoking.