高压液氢泵行业研究现状及关键技术问题

Research status and key technical issues of high pressure liquid hydrogen pump industry

将氢气液化,以液态氢的方式进行储运、加注是降低用氢总成本的重要方式之一,并有望成为未来面对更大用氢需求的更优选择。高压液氢泵作为液氢产业链中的核心设备,其国产化水平对于降低成本和提高产业链自主可控至关重要。为此,系统调研了高压液氢泵在加氢站的应用现状及国内外研发情况,分析了高压液氢泵研究中亟需解决的关键技术问题,提出了液氢泵国产化的技术攻关方向及主要路径。研究结果表明:①液氢加氢站主要有低压汽化压缩、液氢泵增压汽化和直接加注等3种技术模式,其中液氢泵增压汽化是液氢存储型加氢站的主流技术模式;②中国有关高压液氢泵研发的公开研究成果较少,高压液氢泵的国产化研发仍处在初级阶段,产品的稳定性和成熟度还有待验证;③高压液氢泵国产化研发亟需解决结构型式选择与设计、低温绝热性能、材料选择、活塞密封与泄漏控制等关键技术问题,并针对性地提出了液氢泵国产化的建议。结论认为,高压液氢泵设计需要在技术与性能,生产与维护之间综合考量,以确保其在极端低温环境下稳定、可靠运行;随着氢能产业的快速发展,氢能的跨境运输将成为现实,届时液氢将成为重要储运方式,高压液氢泵将在国际液氢物流运输船舶接收、储罐转注、液氢槽车充装、液氢加注等环节发挥更大的作用。

Liquefying hydrogen,and store,transport and refuel it in the form of liquid hydrogen is one of the important methods to reduce the total hydrogen cost,which is expected to be a better choice in the face of greater hydrogen demand in the future.As the key equipment in the liquid hydrogen industry chain,the localization level of high pressure liquid hydrogen pump is very important to reduce the cost and improve the independence and controllability of the industry chain.In this paper,the application status of high pressure liquid hydrogen pump at hydrogen refueling stations and its domestic and foreign research and development situations are investigated systematically,the urgent key technical issues in the research of high pressure liquid hydrogen pump are analyzed,and the technical research directions and main paths of the localization of liquid hydrogen pump are put forward.The following results are obtained.First,there are mainly three technical modes at liquid hydrogen refueling stations,including low pressure vaporization compression,liquid hydrogen pump boosting vaporization and direct refueling,among which,liquid hydrogen pump boosting vaporization is the mainstream technical mode at the hydrogen refueling station of liquid hydrogen storage type.Second,in China,there are fewer public research achievements on the research and development of high pressure liquid hydrogen pump,the localization of high pressure liquid hydrogen pump is still in the initial stage of research and development,and the stability and maturity of the product need verifying.Third,the urgent key technical issues in the research and development of the localization of high pressure liquid hydrogen pump include structure form selection and design,low temperature insulation performance,material selection,piston sealing and leakage control,and the suggestions for the localization of liquid hydrogen pump are proposed specifically.In conclusion,in the design of high pressure liquid hydrogen pump,it is necessary to balance between technology and performance and between production and maintenance,in order to ensure its stable and reliable operation at extremely low temperature.What's more,with the rapid development of hydrogen energy industry,the cross-border transportation of hydrogen energy will become true,when liquid hydrogen will become the important storage and transportation mode,and high pressure liquid hydrogen pump will play an important role in the links of international liquid hydrogen logistical like shipping vessel receiving,tank conversion into injection,liquid hydrogen tanker charging,and liquid hydrogen refueling.