复杂型面结构超声成像检测研究进展

Survey on ultrasonic imaging of complex-shaped structures

工程结构普遍具有复杂型面,而且此类区域是制造和服役阶段损伤甚至失效的高发区。超声无损检测是评估结构制造质量和服役安全性的重要手段,但复杂型面给超声检测带来了声耦合困难、随形扫描控制难、超声入射/接收难、超声传播行为复杂等挑战。本文分别从超声耦合策略、超声换能器、随形扫描控制、复杂型面轮廓重建、成像算法、复杂型面与材料复杂耦合的影响几大方面,概述了现有研究已取得的重要进展。最后探讨了复杂型面超声成像检测研究仍面临的挑战以及未来发展趋势,包括超复杂型面三维异形结构检测、高柔性二维阵列超声换能器、以及同时考虑宏/微观结构和材料自身声学特性的影响改进超声成像算法。

Complex-shaped structures are commonly seen in industry,and they are high-risk regions of internal defect and even failure during manufacturing and service stages.Ultrasonic non-destructive testing is an effective method to evaluate the manufacturing quality and in-service safety of complex-shaped structures.However,complex surface profile brings challenges to ultrasonic testing,such as difficulties in ultrasonic coupling,surface-conformal scan control,ultrasound incidence and reception,and complex wave propagation behavior.This paper summarizes main research progresses in this field from several aspects,including ultrasonic coupling strategies,transducers,surface conformal scan strategies,surface profile reconstruction,imaging algorithms,and the coupling effects between complex-shaped surface profile and ultrasonic properties of materials.Finally,an outlook on future research trends in ultrasonic imaging of complex-shaped structures is provided,including the testing of three-dimensional structures with ultra-complex irregular surfaces,two-dimensional array transducers of high flexibility,and the improvement of ultrasonic imaging algorithms that consider both macro/micro structures and the ultrasonic properties of materials.