面向新型电力传感器的能量收集技术

Energy harvesting technologies for advanced power sensors

电力传感器作为能源互联网的关键基础设施,其持续稳定的电力供应是保证能源互联网高效运行的前提。然而,传统供电方式存在诸多局限。全面梳理了面向新型电力传感器的能量收集技术,包括振动能量收集、温差能量收集、光伏能量收集和电磁能量收集等,这些技术利用环境中的分布式能源,通过不同的转换机理为传感器提供电力,有望解决供电难题。阐述了各种能量收集技术的应用现状,分析了目前所面临的关键技术挑战,如能量转换效率低、工作条件要求苛刻、器件可靠性和集成度有待提高等;探讨了未来能量收集技术的创新方向,包括开发新型高性能材料、优化器件结构设计、使用复合式收集技术等,以期实现更高的能量利用效率,满足新型电力传感器的实际需求,推动智能电网等相关领域的技术创新。

Power sensors serve as critical infrastructure for the energy Internet,their continuous and stable power supply is a prerequisite for efficient operation.However,traditional power supply methods have many limitations.This paper summarizes energy harvesting technologies for new power sensors,including vibration energy harvesting,thermoelectric energy harvesting,photovoltaic energy harvesting and electromagnetic energy harvesting.These technologies utilize distributed renewable energy sources in the environment and provide power to sensors through different conversion mechanisms,potentially solving the power supply problems for them.The current application status of various energy harvesting technologies is described,and the key technical challenges confronted are analyzed,such as low energy conversion efficiency,stringent operating conditions and the need for device with improved reliability and integration.Finally,the innovative directions of future energy harvesting technologies are discussed,including the development of new high-performance materials,optimization of device structure design and hybrid energy harvesting techniques,aiming to achieve higher energy utilization efficiency to meet the actual needs of new power sensors and promote technological innovation in the areas such as smart grids.