庾信骈文数字之美及其二重文学意蕴

The Aesthetic and Dual Literary Implications of Yu Xin’s Use of Numbers in Parallel Prose

庾信为六朝后期的骈俪宗师,通观其作品,赫然可见有大量数字镶嵌于句中,反映出六朝骈文创作的一种风气。考察数字的生成方式,则包括虚写和实写两种,且以虚为主,实为辅。观其位置,则灵活多样,可在句首、句中或句尾。无论位置如何,上下两句数字皆对仗工稳,呈现出对称均衡与齐整和谐之美。从格律来看,两句数字平仄相反,声调抑扬有致,有效地加强了声韵音乐之美。数字与典故交相融汇,则又促成了言简意赅及典雅含蓄之美。结合庾信各体骈文的创作实际,可推断诸数字含虚、实二重文学意蕴:言及虚者,可通过融入数字、典故的古人古事营造作品情境,增加美学意趣,最终服务于抒情写志;观之实者,则可借数字来叙述说明、强调细节或拓展内容,突出意象,增强形象性,从而实现叙事写物的意图。

Yu Xin is a great writer of parallel prose in late Six Dynasties.With proficient artistic skills and outstanding literary achievements,his works were renowned in academic community and set examples for later generations.Reading all of his parallel proses,we could obviously find that there are many numbers embedded in the sentences,reflecting a kind of atmosphere of the writing of parallel prose in Six Dynasties.Yu had two different ways in the use of numbers:imaginary writing and realistic writing,as he mainly used the former and occasionally use the latter for supplement.The position of the numbers was flexible and diverse,they could be placed at the beginning,middle or the end of sentences.No matter where they were,numbers in two sentences always corresponded with each other,showed the beauty of symmetrical balance and neat harmony.From the point of view of the rhythm,the level tone and the oblique tone of the two numbers were opposite,and the intonation was melodiously up-and-down,which effectively strengthened the aesthetic of the rhyme music.The integration of numbers and allusions contributed to the aesthetic of conciseness and elegance implicitness.Taking the actual creative process of Yu Xin’s parallel prose into consideration,it could be inferred that the numbers contained dual literary meanings:the imaginary writing created emotional situation with numbers and allusions,increased the aesthetic interest and finally served lyric writing;while the realistic writing used numbers to narrate or explain facts,emphasize details,expand content,highlight image and enhance figurativeness,so as to realize the intention of narrative and depiction.