汉宣帝庙号的废立与东汉初年的政治文化转型

On the Twist of the Posthumous Title of Emperor Xuan and the Transformation of Political Culture in the Early Eastern Han Dynasty

两汉之际宣帝庙号的废立是这一时期政治文化转型的结果。东汉建立后,新莽末年所设宣帝庙号一度不被承认,究其原因,在于光武有意消除王莽的政治影响,重建周制,拔擢私亲,宣示东汉的特殊性。随着东汉政治向“霸王道杂之”回归,孝宣政治成为重要的参考,宣帝地位因此提升。建武十九年庙制改革,光武基于现实与未来的双重考虑,主动追尊宣帝庙号。宣帝庙号的确立,意味着革新后的汉制超越了周制,也消解了光武四亲庙存在的意义,东汉皇帝只得通过其他途径维系与本支先祖的联系。宣帝庙号在两汉之际的废立过程,也是东汉王朝融入汉朝大宗,完善汉家制度的过程。

The process of abolition and reconstruction of Emperor Xuan’s posthumous title was a result of the political cultural transformation in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty.After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty,the posthumous title of Emperor Xuan,which was setting up by Wang Mang,was not recognized for a time.The decision was made by Guangwu,who aimed at eliminating Wang Mang’s political influence,reconstructing Zhou system,promoting private relatives and showing the particularity of the Eastern Han Dynasty.Along with the return to the blend of both punishment and virtue in policy,the status of Emperor Xuan,who was regarded as an important reference,gradually got promoted.In the 19th year of Jianwu,when the royal temple system was reformed,Guangwu took the initiative to honour Emperor Xuan’s posthumous title,which was an action based on both practical and future considerations.The final establishment of Emperor Xuan’s posthumous title was meaningful:the reformed Han system has given up on imitating Zhou system,and the significance of the four temples built for Guangwu’s relatives was dissolved.After the issue,emperors of the Eastern Han had to maintain contact with their ancestors through other means.The issue also showed the process of which the new regime integrated into the unitary Han Dynasty tradition and modified Han system.