露天铁矿采空区隐蔽致灾普查与防治措施应用研究

Investigation of Hidden Disaster Factors and Application of Prevention Measures in Open-Pit Iron Mine Goaf

针对地下转露天开采矿山开采过程中,地下采空区探测难度大、致灾因素复杂、防治措施不完善等技术难题,以袁家村铁矿为工程背景,基于地质资料分析,采用物探、钻探及三维激光扫描等多种手段对露天采场3~5 a采掘范围内,跨度大于50 m的采空区异常分布范围及赋存位置进行精准探测,构建了采空区三维可视化模型并得到其分布规律。基于多种采空区顶板安全厚度理论分析方法进行采空区风险评价,并通过微震技术监测采空区稳定性,制定了合理的采空区处理方案,对生产过程中揭露的585个采空区进行了爆破处理,实现了采空区安全处理零事故目标。研究结果可为类似地下转露天开采矿山采空区隐蔽致灾因素普查与防治措施制定提供借鉴。

In response to technical problems of difficulty in underground goaf detection,complexity of disaster causing factors,and incomplete prevention measures during the process of underground to open-pit mining,Yuanjiacun Iron Mine was taken as the engineering background.Based on geological data analysis,various methods such as geophysical exploration,drilling,and 3D laser scanning were used to accurately detect the abnormal distribution range and occurrence location of goaf with a span greater than 50 m within the 3-5 years mining range of the open-pit mining area.A 3D laser scanning of goaf was constructed and obtained its distribution pattern.The risk assessment of goaf was conducted based on various theoretical analysis methods of safety thickness of roof,and monitor the stability of goaf using micro-seismic technology.A reasonable goaf treatment scheme was formulated,and 585 goafs exposed during the production process were blasted,achieving the goal of zero accident in goaf safety treatment.The research results can provide a reference for the investigation of hidden disaster factors and the prevention measures in goaf of similar underground to open-pit mining.