论刘牧《河图》《洛书》说的架构与意蕴

On the Framework and Implication of Liu Mu's Theory of He tu and Luo shu

黑白数点式的《河图》《洛书》是宋代易学的一个重要创造,此套图式创发于彭城刘牧。其在《易数钩隐图》中主要构设了《河图》图式系列、《洛书》图式系列、《太极》图式系列三套易数符号体系,此三套符号体系在思想内容上多有交互重合,造成了其书中一些图式前后重复。此三套图式系列以表现太极—两仪—四象—八卦的生成为主题,以宇宙气化论为思想基础,从两仪四象五行之数的演化来探索卦象的合理性与必然性,在易学象数学诸多问题上提出了新的观念和论断,具有鲜明的理论特色,但也存在一些理论困难和疏漏之处。

The He tu(Yellow River Chart)and Luo shu(Luo River Diagram)composed of black and white dots are important creations of Changes scholarship in the Song(960-1279)dynasty.This set of diagrams was created by Liu Mu(1011-1064)from Pengcheng(a county in Jiangsu province),who mainly constructed three sets of Yi number symbol systems in the Investigation into the Hidden:Illustrations of Changes Numerology:the He tu pattern,the Luo shu pattern,and the Taiji pattern.These three sets of symbol systems often overlap and interact in terms of ideological content,resulting in some repetition of some diagrams.These three sets of diagram series are themed around the generation progress of Taiji—“liang yi”(yin and yang)—“si xiang”(four images)—eight hexagrams,based on the theory of the unfolding of qi(material force).The three explore the rationality and inevitability of hexagrams through the evolution of the numbers of liang yi,si xiang,and five elements,and propose new concepts and judgments on many issues in the study of image-numerology.They have distinct theoretical characteristics,but there are also some theoretical difficulties and omissions.