“正因即公因也”:方以智的“正因”

“Positive Cause also Means Common Cause”:Fang Yizhi's Theory of“Zhengyin”

“正因”是方以智易学构建的重要一环,“正因即公因也”的提出,表明了“正因”是“公因”和“反因”关系的重要桥梁。借由“反因即正因”与“正因即公因也”的过渡,方以智的“公因之在反因中”得以成立。一方面,通过提出“反因即正因”,方以智展现了“公因”统一作用下“正因”与“反因”的对立转化,使圆∴的三点得以成立。另一方面,“正因即公因也”的提出,使“公因”能够直接参与到“正因”与“反因”的对立转化中以实现“公因之在反因中”。此外,“正因”的出场还推动了圆∴静态的三点结构向动态的“二虚一实”转化,展现了方以智主客观统一的认识路线以及他以儒学容纳禅学和庄学、以“实学”融摄“虚学”的学术理想。

The concept of“zhengyin”正因(positive cause)is an important part of the construction of Fang Yizhi's(1611-1671)Yi scholarship,and the proposal of“zhengyin also means gongyin(公因common cause)”indicates that zhengyin is an important bridge between the relationship between“gongyin”and“fanyin”(counter cause).Through the transition between“fanyin is also zhengyin”and“zhengyin is also fanyin”,Fang Yizhi's theory of“gongyin is contained in fanyin”is established.On the one hand,by proposing the concept of“fanyin is also zhengyin”,Fang Yizhi demonstrates the transformation of opposites between“zhengyin”and“fanyin”under the unified influence of“gongyin”,thus establishing the three dots∴of the circle.On the other hand,the proposal of“zhengyin is also gongyin”enables the“gongyin”to directly participate in the transformation of the opposites between“zhengyin”and“fanyin”to achieve the“gongyin in fanyin”.In addition,the rise of“zhengyin”has also promoted the transformation of the static three-point structure of the circle into a dynamic“two virtualities and one reality”,demonstrating Fang Yizhi's cognitive mode of unifying subjectivity and objectivity,as well as his academic ideal of using Confucianism to cover the study of Chan and the study of Zhuangzi,using“practical learning”to cover“virtual learning”.