马一浮“《华严》通于《易》”之说探析

On Ma Yifu's Theory of“Avatamsaka Is Connected with Yi”

在六经之中,马一浮尊崇《易》;在佛经之中,他推重《华严》。马一浮认为《华严》和《易》有相通之处,提出“《华严》通于《易》”之说。两者的会通主要是通过三个具体命题实现的:其一,法界与《易》义会通,在于法界为诸法之因,法界生出诸法,诸法还归法界;《易》为六艺的根源和归宿,《易》包含天下之道。其二,一真法界与太极会通,在于一真法界惟一真实,统摄一切法;太极是至极真实之理,太极生两仪以至于统摄万事万物。其三,法界缘起与太极生阴阳会通,在于法界和太极同为本体,缘起和阴阳均是功用,法界相当于太极,缘起相当于阴阳,阳变阴合,生生不已,缘起即现,重重无尽。马一浮的儒佛会通展现了其会通学术、彰显学术统摄性的主张,同时也凸显了易道的广大精微。

Ma Yifu(1883-1967)revered the Classic of Changes among the Six Confucian Classics.In Buddhist scriptures,he places great emphasis on the Avatamsaka.Ma Yifu believed that there were similarities between the Avatamsaka and the Changes and proposed the idea that“the Avatamsaka could connect with the Changes”.The connection of the two is mainly achieved through three specific propositions:Firstly,Dharmadhatu(Dharma-realm)could connect with the meaning of Yi.The reason lies in the only one sincere Dharmadhatu being the cause of all Buddhist law and principles,the Dharmadhatu giving birth to all law and principles,and all law and principles returning to the Dharmadhatu;the Changes is the root and destination of the Six Arts,and it contains the Dao of the whole World.Secondly,the connection between the one and sincere Dharmadhatu and Taiji(Supreme Ultimate)lies in the fact that the only one sincere Dharmadhatu is the only truth that governs all law and principles;Taiji is an extremely true principle,which generates“liang yi”(yin and yang)to govern all things.Thirdly,the connection between the origin of Dharmadhatu and the generation of yin and yang from Taiji is due to the fact that Dharmadhatu and Taiji are both noumena,and both origin,whereas yin and yang are functions.The Dharmadhatu is equivalent to Taiji,while Pratitya-samutpada(dependent origination)is equivalent to yin and yang.Yang generates and yin accomplishes,the process of producing and reproducing is endless;Pratitya-samutpada appears instantly while emerging and is endless.Ma Yifu's connection between Confucianism and Buddhism demonstrates his advocacy for academic integration and academic dominance,while highlighting the vast and subtle essence of the Dao of Yi.