国际投资协定的气候友好型改革:实践、目标与进路

Climate-friendly Reform of International Investment Agreements:Practices,Objectives and Paths

随着气候变化问题日益突出,国际投资协定(IAs)被锚定为跨领域、多主体协同治理气候变化的重要载体。近年来,为缓解传统IIAs与全球气候治理需求的矛盾与冲突,各国在条约实践中通过注重投资准入的气候友好型导向、限缩高碳投资者的受保护空间、规定企业社会责任以及创设气候友好型投资的利好环境等多种措施对IAs进行了气候友好型改革的初步尝试。为了真正助推全球气候治理目标的实现,IIAs的改革需要体现人类命运共同体和可持续发展理念,在兼顾东道国与投资者公私利益的同时,构建东道国、投资者及其母国协同参与全球气候治理的责任共同体。基于现有实践,各国未来应当继续增强IAs气候友好型改革的系统性。具体而言,可以在明确气候友好型投资界定的基础上,强化例外条款中的气候因素。此外,还可以通过强化投资者气候保护义务、完善气候友好型投资激励规则和投资便利化规则以及减少投资者一国家争端解决机制对东道国实施气候措施的阻碍等方式,进一步推进IAs改革以应对气候治理面临的挑战。

As the climate change problem worsens,international investment agreements(IIAs)have become an important instrument for cross-sectoral and multi-actor synergies in combating climate change.In recent years,with the aim to alleviate the contradictions and conflicts between traditional IIAs and the needs of global climate governance,countries have attempted to reform IIAs by enhancing the climate-friendly orientation of investment access,restricting the protected space for high-carbon investors,stipulating corporate social responsibility(CSR),and creating a favorable environment for climate-friendly investment in treaty practice.To genuinely advance the goals of global climate governance,the reform of IIAs needs to embody the concepts of a global community of shared future and sustainable development,balance the public and private interests between host countries and investors,and build a community of responsibility in which host countries,investors and their home countries participate in global climate governance in a synergistic manner.Based on the existing practices,countries should enhance the systemicity of climate-friendly reform of IIAs.Specifically,the climate element in the exception clauses should be reinforced on the basis of a clear definition of climate-friendly investment.The reform of IIAs could also be further promoted by strengthening investors climate protection obligations,improving rules on climate-friendly investment incentives and investment facilitation,and reducing the impediments to host countries'implementation of climate measures posed by Investor-State Dispute Settlement(ISDS)mechanism to address challenges for global climate governance.