太行抗日根据地换订契约研究--以土地契约为中心

A Study of Contracts Replacement in the Taihang Resistance Base:Centered on Land Contracts

全面抗战时期,中共主要通过换订租约、清债换约和确权立约三种方式领导民众换订契约。县政府是确定土地产权的主要核定机构,村级农救会与村减租委员会等乡村职能机构是开展换订契约的基本单位。在实践过程中,由于一些乡村守旧地主不愿换约,以及部分干部工作失误,土地政策的实施一度受阻。中共通过启发民众抗争心态、提升干部的群众意识等方式应对,最终有力地推进了政策的实施。对太行抗日根据地的个案研究,有助于深入理解抗战时期中共土地政策的实践历程,以及注重实际、权力下移乡村和勇于自我革命的政治文化特征。

During the total War of Resistance,the CPC led peasants to replace contracts mainly through three ways:to replace the leases,to replace contracts by clearing debts,and to confirm rights and make contracts.The county governments were the main verification body for determining land property rights,and the village level Peasant Association for Anti-Japanese National Salvation and the village level Rent Reduction Committee and other rural functional institutions were the basic units to carry out the replacement of contracts.In the process of practice,the implementation of land policy faced obstacles due to the reluctance of some rural old landlords and the mistakes of some cadres.Through inspiring the fighting mentality of peasants and raising the mass awareness of the cadres,the CPC effectively promoted the implementation of the policy in the end.This case study is helpful to deeply understand the practice course of the CPC's land policy during the Resistance War,and its political and cultural characteristics of paying attention to reality,decentralizing the power to countryside and having the courage to self-revolution.