罗婺土司遗存工尺谱抄本及其曲牌研究

Research on Gongche Spectrum Manuscript and Qupai of Luowu Tusi Remains

罗婺土司遗存工尺谱抄本及其曲牌是中央王朝借助土司对边地实施“以文化民”“以夷制夷”政策的音乐物证。经史料、谱式、印章多方互证,推测盖有彝文印章的工尺谱为清康熙年间以后的土司传本,其译谱和韵谱具有稳定性和变异性特征。罗婺后裔对曲牌音乐的创造性传承,不仅衍生了很多古老曲牌的变体,还创制出兼具区域特色和民族特征的“大枝”“小支”曲牌群,这些曲牌既有礼乐的仪式性功能,又有俗乐的普适性特点。工尺谱是土司府重要的音乐文化遗产,所记载的曲牌作为文化制度的有声承载,对音乐思维的传承与发展、音乐文化的融合与认同起到了重要作用。

The Gongche spectrum manuscript and Qupai of Luowu Tusi remains are musical material evidence of the central government's policy of"Civilizing people with culture"and"Ruling minorities by minorities"through the power of the Tusi in border areas.Verified by various sources such as historical records,score formats,and seals,it is inferred that the Gongche spectrum with the Yi language seal is the Tusi inheritance manuscript from the Kangxi period of the Qing dynasty.Its translated spectrum and sung spectrum exhibit characteristics of both stability and variability.The creative inheritance of Qupai music by the descendants of Luowu has led to the derivation of many variants of ancient Qupai,as well as the creation of tune titles that combine regional characteristics and ethnic features,known as"Major Branches"and"Minor Branches."These Qupai possess both the ceremonial functions of courtly music and the universal characteristics of popular music.The Gongche spectrum is an important musical cultural heritage of Tusi Prefecture,and the Qupai it records serve as a musical carrier of the cultural system,playing a significant role in the inheritance and development of musical thinking and the fusion and identification of musical culture.