圣俗同构——青藏高原东缘大、小金川流域嘉绒“达尔尕”制度性表演的文化阐释

Sacredness-Secularity Syncretism:A Cultural Interpretation of the Ritual Performance of Rgyalrong"Darga"in the Jinchuan River Basin on the Eastern Edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

“达尔尕”是青藏高原东缘大、小金川流域嘉绒藏族在人生仪礼、传统年节、法会祭典等特定时空场域下展开的仪式性歌舞。“达尔尕”受制于其赖以生存的人文生态系统,在信仰观念、社会制度、文化规则的影响下维持着极具制度性的表演模式。其中“信仰观念”是建构“达尔尕”制度性表演的核心要素。日常生活中“达尔尕”虽以“俗”的面相展现,但其精神内核却是超越世俗娱乐的对“圣”的追求。本文对“达尔尕”的制度性表演进行描述,并对其“圣俗同构”的文化属性做深入阐释。

"Darga"is a ritualistic song and dance performed by the Rgyalrong Tibetan people in the Jinchuan River basin on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during specific temporal and spatial contexts,such as life rituals,traditional festivals,and religious ceremonies.The performance of Darga is deeply influenced by beliefs,social systems,and cultural norms within its socio-ecological system.Beliefs play a central role in constructing Darga ritual performances.Although Darga manifests itself with a"secular"face in daily life,its spiritual essence lies in the pursuit of the"Sacred"beyond mere entertainment.This paper describes the ritual performance of Darga and provides an in-depth explanation of its cultural attribute of"Sacredness-Secularity Syncretism".