Toll样受体9对原虫的天然免疫识别

Innate immune recognition of protozoon parasites by Toll-like receptor 9

先天性免疫系统对病原体的识别作用是宿主保护自身免受微生物入侵的第一道防线。Toll样受体(TLRs)是特征明确的模式识别受体,对病原体相关分子模式(PAMPs)的识别、调节抗原呈递细胞和关键细胞因子的激活至关重要。TLR9对原虫基因组DNA的识别会激活NF-κB、IRF3/7和MAPK等细胞通路,诱导促炎症细胞因子和Ⅰ型干扰素的产生。在原虫感染中MyD88是TLR9识别PAMPs的关键接头分子,本综述主要总结了TLR9-MyD88信号途径在几种常见原虫感染期间诱导的炎症反应中的重要性,还讨论了TLR9的亚细胞定位对原虫感染的影响,以期为进一步理解原虫与宿主相互作用的复杂性,为原虫寄生虫病的防制奠定基础。

The recognition of the innate immune system is the first line of defense for host protection against invading microbes.Toll-like receptors(TLRs)are well-characterized pattern recognition receptors that are critical for recognizing pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)and regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines.Recognition of protozoon parasite genomic DNA by TLR9 activates transcription factors such as NF-κB,IRF3/7,and MAPK,which then induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and typeⅠinterferons.During parasite infection,MyD88 serves as a critical adapter protein for TLR9 to recognize PAMPs.Here,we review the TLR9-MyD88 pathways and their importance in the inflammatory response in some common protozoan parasite infections.We also discuss the impact of the subcellular localization of TLR9 in parasitic infectious diseases.By emphasizing current developments in these fields,the review aims to lay the foundation for future research on both the complexity of host-parasite interactions and the prevention of protozoan parasitic diseases.