猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒天然免疫逃逸机制研究进展

Progress inevasion mechanisms of innate immunity by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

天然免疫是抗病毒免疫反应的前线,也是适应性免疫的桥梁。猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)进化出多种策略逃逸宿主的天然免疫从而建立持续性感染,这是控制PRRSV感染的最大障碍之一。在抗病毒天然免疫中,Ⅰ型干扰素、干扰素刺激基因(interferon-stimulated genes,ISGs)和其他抗病毒蛋白是主要的执行者,细胞自噬和细胞程序化死亡是重要的组成部分,非编码RNA是关键的调节因子。近年来PRRSV天然免疫逃逸的机制研究不断涌现,极大扩展了我们对PRRSV与宿主之间相互作用网络的理解。本文概述了PRRSV抑制Ⅰ型干扰素产生及其信号转导、拮抗ISGs和其他抗病毒蛋白的最新研究成果,并重点总结了PRRSV通过调控细胞自噬、细胞程序性死亡以及非编码RNA等逃逸天然免疫的研究进展,以期为后续研究及抗PRRSV疫苗和药物研发提供思路。

Innate immunity is the front line of the antiviral immune response and the bridge to adaptive immunity.Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)has evolved multiple strategies to evade the host's innate immunity and thus establish persistent infections,which is one of the biggest obstacles to control PRRSV infection.In antiviral innate immunity,typeⅠinterferons,interferon-stimulated genes(ISGs),and other antiviral proteins are the main performers,cellular autophagy and programmed cell death are important components,noncoding RNAs are key regulators.Studies on evasion mechanisms of innate immune by PRRSV have emerged in recent years,greatly expanding our understandings of the PRRSV-host interaction network.In this paper,we outline the latest researches on PRRSV inhibition of typeⅠinterferon production and its signaling transduction as well as antagonism of ISGs and other antiviral proteins,and focus on summarizing the researches on PRRSV evade the innate immunity through the modulation of cellular autophagy,programmed cell death,and non-coding RNAs,with a view to providing ideas for subsequent research and anti-PRRSV vaccine and drug development.